For Against by L.G. Alexander - 31987 Words

By the same author SIXTY STEPS TO PRECIS POETRY AND PROSE APPRECIATION ESSAY AND LEITER ·WRITING A FIRST BOOK IN COMPREHENSION PRECIS AND COMPOSITION ras CARTERS OF GREENWOOD (Cineloops) DETECTIVES FROM SCOTLAND YARD (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) CAR THIEVES [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) WORTH A FORTUNE [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) APRIL FOOLS DAY [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) PROFESSOR BOFFIN S UMBRELLA (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) OPERATION MASfERMIND (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 3) QUESTION AND ANSWER: Graded Aural/Oral Exercises READING AND WRITING ENGLISH-A First Year Programme for Children LOOK, LISTEN AND LEARNl Sets 1-4 An Integrated Course for Children New Concept English Uniform†¦show more content†¦The root of the trouble is that the teacher cannot predict the course ofeach lesson. He sets a topic and then attempts to stimulate a class discussion by asking questions, suggesting ideas and so on. How the students will respond depends very much on their maturity, general knowledge, range of interests and command of English. It depends, too, on personal factors like shyness or sociability, etc., and even on such things as the time of day and the mood of the class. With some classes, teachers may find that they fail to get any response at all and are finally driven to abandon conversation lessons altogether. With others, the conversation may always be dominated by one or two students, while the teacher spends most of his time coaxing reluctant members of the class to join in. Whatever the case, the conversation lesson tends to be a random, unprogrammed affair over which the teacher has little control. More often than not, time is needlessly frittered away and nothing effective is added to the student s knowledge and skill. BASIC AIMS This book seeks to meet most of the problems posed by the advanced conversation lesson by providing a flexible programme which the teacher can manipulate according to the needs of his class. The book contains material which can be used for routine drill work with an unresponsive class, or conversely, the teacher may use it as a source book for ideas andShow MoreRelatedAlexander the Great: His Influence on Future military Leadership and Tactics2411 Words   |  10 Pagesearth and left marks of their prowess and legacy that men of the present and even the future find it hard to emulate; a good example of such men is Alexander the Great. This paper seeks to explain further Alexander’s military genius and its positive impact on military impact over the past centuries. The paper also gives a well thought analysis why Alexander was so much successful in his wars and conquests. His big empire spread all the way from Gibraltar to the Punjab and in his leadership made GreekRead Morec ollective bargaining4861 Words   |  20 PagesLabour Court and the High Court. The Labour Officer serves on a conciliator / mediatory role while the labour Court gives a 8 determination / award to a dispute. However, any dissatisfied party to the dispute can appeal to the High Court against the Labour Court’s award or determination. Centralized or Decentralized Negotiations Negotiation between employers and unions can be single employer or multi-employer. In most cases, employers’ organizations are involved in multi-employer bargainingRead MoreApplication of Ethical Theories12285 Words   |  50 Pagesof fairness and justice in decisions that involve deception against customers. I claim that individuals use these two theories to reason their decision not to deceive depending on the specific content of the issue. For example, if a situation specifically violates a contract or other people rights, than individuals will use arguments from the theory of right to explain their decision not to deceive. Similarly, if the deception is against a weak party or has a potential to create a salient unjust distributionRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesmarketing planning Organizational buying behaviour The growth of relationship marketing Summary Appendix: The drivers of consumer change 6 Approaches to competitor analysis 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 Learning objectives Introduction Against whom are we competing? Identifying and evaluating competitors’ strengths and weaknesses Evaluating competitive relationships and analysing how organizations compete Identifying competitors’ objectives Identifying competitors’ likely response profilesRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 Pagespyramids and allowed to partially dry for 2-3 days before the first threshing. The plants are still fairly moist and supple at the time of the first threshing. Only the most mature seeds fall from the inflorescences as the whole plants are flailed against the ground. The first threshing produces the highest yield of the most mature and highest quality seed. The second threshing of the whole plants is done after the plants have had a few more days to dry and the less mature seeds can be freed mo re easilyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesRedefining managerialism Leadership and managerialism Diffusion between institutions: the case of the UK public sector New public management Diffusion within organizations: the infiltration of the rank and file Organizational democracy and a case against managerialism The economic efficiency case for organizational democracy: a challenge to managerialism? Destabilized capitalism Employee alienation as the key problem Conclusions 387 392 395 399 401 404 405 408 412 413 414 416 421 Chapter 10

ABBOTT Surname Meaning and Origin

The Abbott surname means abbot or priest, from the Old English abbod or Old French abet, which in turn derive from the Late Latin or Greek abbas, from the Aramaic abba, meaning father. Abbott generally originated as an occupational name for the chief ruler or priest of an abbey, or for someone employed in the household or on the grounds of an abbot (since celibate clergy usually didnt have descendants to carry on the family name). According to a Dictionary of American Family Names it may also have been a nickname bestowed on a sanctimonious person thought to resemble an abbot. The Abbott surname is also common in Scotland, where it may be of English origin, or possibly a translation of MacNab, from the Gaelic Mac an Abbadh, meaning son of the abbott. Surname Origin: English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  ABBOT, ABBE, ABBIE, ABBOTTS, ABBETT, ABBET, ABIT, ABBIT, ABOTT Where in the World is the ABBOTT Surname Found? The Abbott surname is now most commonly found in Canada, especially in the province of Ontario,  according to WorldNames PublicProfiler. Within the United Kingdom, the name is most common in East Anglia. The name is also fairly common in the U.S. state of Maine.  Forebears surname distribution data places the Abbott surname with the greatest frequency in the former British Caribbean colonies, such as Antigua and Burbuda, where it is the 51st most common last name. It is next most commonly found in England, followed by Australia, Wales, New Zealand and Canada. Famous People with the Last Name ABBOTT Berenice Abbott - American photographer and sculptorGrace Abbott - American social worker best known for her work improving rights of immigrants and advancing child welfareEdith Abbott - American social work pioneer; sister of Grace AbbottSir John Abbott - former prime minister of CanadaJeremy Abbott - U.S. national figure skating championGeorge Abbott - American director, producer and playwrightBud Abbott -  comedian best known for playing the straight man of Abbott and Costello   Genealogy Resources for the Surname ABBOTT Abbott DNA ProjectIndividuals with the Abbott surname or any of its variations are invited to join this Y-DNA surname project of Abbott researchers working to combine traditional family history research with DNA testing to determine common ancestors. The Abbott Family GenealogyThis site compiled and written by Ernest James Abbott collects information on primarily Americans with the Abbott surname, and includes sections on authors, occupations, famous descendants, courses, and Abbotts in the military and ministry. Abbott Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Abbott surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Abbott query. FamilySearch - ABBOTT GenealogyExplore over 1.7 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Abbott surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ABBOTT Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts a free mailing list for researchers of the Abbott surname around the world. DistantCousin.com - ABBOTT Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Abbott. The Abbott Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the common Abbott last name from the website of Genealogy Today. -- Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings -- Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. ----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Forrest Gump Chapter Ten Free Essays

string(62) " rather than go in the Army, an the little band had broke up\." Chapter Ten I did not have no address for Jenny cept a post office box, but I did have her letter with the name of the little place where she said she was playin with her band, The Cracked Eggs. It was called the Hodaddy Club. I tried to walk there from the train station, but I kep gettin lost, so I finally took a taxicab. We will write a custom essay sample on Forrest Gump Chapter Ten or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was in the afternoon an there was nobody in there but a couple of drunk guys an bout a half inch of beer on the floor from the night before. But they was a feller behin the bar say Jenny an them will be there bout nine o’clock. I axed if I can wait, an the guy say, â€Å"Sure,† so I set down for five or six hours an took a load off my feet. Directly, the place begun to fill up. They was mostly college-lookin kids but was dressed like geeks at a sideshow. Everbody wearin dirty blue jeans an tee shirts an all the guys had beards an wore glasses an all the girls have hair that look like a bird gonna fly out of it any secont. Presently the band come out on stage an start settin up. They is three or four fellers an they has got all this huge electric stuff, pluggin it in everwhere. It certainly is a far cry from what we done in the Student Union building back at the University. Also, I do not see Jenny Curran noplace. After they get the electric stuff set up, they start to play, an let me say this: them people was loud! All sorts of colored lights begin to flash an the music they is makin sound sort of like a jet airplane when it takin off. But the crowd lovin it an when they is done, everbody begin to cheer an yell. Then a light fall on a side of the stage an there she is – Jenny hersef! She is changed from the way I known her. First, she is got hair down to her ass, an is wearin sunglasses inside, at night! She is dressed in blue jeans an a shirt with so many spangles on it she look like a telephone switchboard. The band start up again an Jenny begun to sing. She has grapped hole of the microphone an is dancin all aroun the stage, jumpin up an down an wavin her arms an tossin her hair aroun. I am tryin to understan the words to the song, but the band is playin too loud for that, beatin on the drums, bangin on the piano, swattin them electric guitars till it seem like the roof gonna cave in. I am thinkin, what the hell is this? After a wile they take a break an so I got up an tried to get through a door that go backstage. But they is a feller standing there who say I cannot come in. When I go walkin back to my seat, I notice everbody is starin at my Army uniform. â€Å"That is some costume you has got on there,† somebody says, an somebody else say, â€Å"Far out!† an another one say, â€Å"Is he for real?† I am beginnin to feel like a idiot again, an so I gone on outside, thinkin maybe I can walk aroun an figger things out. I guess I must of walked for haf an hour or so, an when I get back to the place they is a long line of people waitin to get in. I go up to the front an try to splain to the guy that all my stuff is in there, but he say to go wait at the end of the line. I guess I stood there a hour or so, an listened to the music comin from inside, an I have to tell you, it sounded a little better when you got away from it like that. Anyway, after a wile, I got bored an went down a alley an roun to the back of the club. They was some little steps an I sat down there an watched the rats chasin each other in the garbage. I had my harmonica in my pocket, so’s to pass the time, I got it out an started to play a little. I could still hear the music from Jenny’s band, an after a wile I foun mysef bein able to play along with them, sort of usin the chromatic stop to get half out of key so it would fit in with what they was playin. I don’t know how long it was, but it didn’t take much afore I was able to make runs of my own, way up in C major, an to my suprise, it didn’t soun half bad when you was playin it – so long as you didn’t have to listen to it too. All of a sudden the door behin me bust open an there is Jenny standin there. I guess they had taken their break again, but I wadn’t payin no attention an had kep on playin. â€Å"Who is that out there?† she say. â€Å"It’s me,† I say, but it is dark in the alley an she stick her head out the door an say, â€Å"Who is playin that harmonica?† I stand up an I am kind of embarrassed on account of my clothes, but I say, â€Å"It’s me. Forrest.† â€Å"It is who? † she say. â€Å"Forrest.† â€Å"Forrest? Forrest Gump! † an suddenly she rush out the door an thowed hersef into my arms. Jenny an me, we set aroun backstage an caught up on things till she had to play her nex set. She had not exactly quit school, she had got thowed out when they foun her in a feller’s room one night. That was a thowin-out offense in them days. The banjo player had run off to Canada rather than go in the Army, an the little band had broke up. You read "Forrest Gump Chapter Ten" in category "Essay examples" Jenny had gone out to California for a wile, an weared flowers in her hair, but she say them people is a bunch of freaks who is stoned all the time, an so she met this guy an come with him to Boston, an they had done some peace marches an all, but he turned out to be a fairy, so she split up with him, an took up with a real serious peace marcher who was in to makin bombs an stuff, an blowin up buildins. That didn’t work out neither, so she met up with this guy what teached at Harvard University, but it turned out he was married. Next, she went with a guy that had seemed real nice but one day he got both their asses arrested for shoplifting, an she decided it was time to pull hersef together. She fell in with The Cracked Eggs, an they started playin a new kind of music, an got real popular aroun Boston, an they was even gonna go to New York an make a tape for an album nex week. She say she is seein this guy that goes to Harvard University, an is a student in philosophy, but that after the show tonight, I can come home an stay with them. I am very disappointed that she has got hersef a boyfrien, but I don’t have noplace else to go, so that’s what I done. Rudolph is the boyfrien’s name. He is a little guy bout a hundrit pounds or so, an has hair like a dustmop an wears a lot of beads aroun his neck an is settin on the floor when we get to their apartment, meditatin like a guru. â€Å"Rudolph,† Jenny say, â€Å"this is Forrest. He is a friend of mine from home, an he is gonna be stayin with us a wile.† Rudolph don’t say nothin, but he wave his hand like the Pope when he is blessin somethin. Jenny ain’t got but one bed, but she made up a little pallet for me on the floor an that is where I slept. It wadn’t no worse than a lot of places I slept in the Army, an a damn sight better than some. Next mornin I get up an there is Rudolph still settin in the middle of the room meditatin. Jenny fixed me some breakfast an we lef ole Rudolph settin there an she took me on a tour of Cambridge. First thing she says is that I have got to get mysef some new clothes, on account of people up here does not understan an will think I am tryin to put them on. So we go to a surplus store an I get me some overalls an a lumber jacket an change into them right there an take my uniform in a paper bag. We is walkin aroun Harvard University, an who does Jenny run into but the married professor she used to date. She is still friends with him, even tho in private she like to refer to him as a â€Å"degenerate turd.† Doctor Quackenbush is his name. Anyway, he is all excited on account of he is beginnin to teach a new course next week that he thunk up all by hissef. It is called the â€Å"Role of the Idiot in World Literature.† I pipe up an say I think it sounds pretty interestin, an he say, â€Å"Well, Forrest, why don’t you sit in on the class? You might enjoy it.† Jenny look at both of us kind of funny-like, but she don’t say nothin. We gone on back to the apartment an Rudolph is still squattin on the floor by hissef. We was in the kitchen an I axed her real quiet if Rudolph could talk, an she say, yes, sooner or later. That afternoon Jenny took me to meet the other guys in the band an she tell them I play the harmonica like heaven itsef, an why don’t they let me set in with them at the club tonight. One of the guys axe me what I like to play best, an I say, â€Å"Dixie,† an he say he don’t believe he has heard what I say, an Jenny jump in an say, â€Å"It don’t matter, he will be fine once he’s got a ear for our stuff.† So that night I be playin with the band an everbody agree I am makin a good contribution an it is very enjoyable, gettin to set there an watch Jenny sing an thow hersef all over the stage. That nex Monday I have decided to go ahead an set in on Doctor Quackenbush’s class, â€Å"Role of the Idiot in World Literature.† The title alone is enough to make me feel sort of important. â€Å"Today,† Doctor Quackenbush says to the class, â€Å"we has a visitor who is gonna be auditing this course from time to time. Please welcome Mister Forrest Gump.† Everbody turn an look at me an I give a little wave, an then the class begin. â€Å"The idiot,† Doctor Quackenbush say, â€Å"has played an important role in history an literature for many years. I suppose you has all heard of the village idiot, who was usually some retarded individual livin in a village someplace. He was often the object of scorn an mockery. Later, it become the custom of nobility to have in their presence a court jester, a sort of person that would do things to amuse the royalty. In many instances, this individual was actually an idiot or a moron, in others, he was merely a clown or jokester†¦.† He go on like this for a wile, an it begun to become apparent to me that idiots was not jus useless people, but was put here for a purpose, sort of like Dan had said, an the purpose is to make people laugh. At least that is somethin. â€Å"The object of having a fool for most writers,† Doctor Quackenbush say, â€Å"is to employ the device of double entendre, permittin them to let the fool make a fool of hissef, an at the same time allow the reader the revelation of the greater meaning of the foolishness. Occasionally, a great writer like Shakespeare would let the fool make an ass out of one of his principal characters, thereby providing a twist for the readers’ enlightenment.† At this point, I am becomin somewhat confused. But that is normal. Anyhow, Mister Quackenbush say that to demonstrate what he has been talkin about, we is gonna do a scene from the play, King Lear, where there is a fool an a madman in disguise an the king hissef is crazy. He tells this guy named Elmer Harrington III to play the part of Mad Tom o’Bedlam, an for this girl called Lucille to play The Fool. Another guy called Horace somebody was to be crazy ole King Lear. An then he say, â€Å"Forrest, why doesn’t you play the role of the Earl of Gloucester?† Mister Quackenbush say he will get a few stage props from the drama department, but he want us to get up our own costumes, just so the thing would be more â€Å"realistic.† How I got into this deal, I do not know, is what I am thinkin. Meantime, things is happenin with our band, The Cracked Eggs. A feller from New Yawk have flown up an listened to us an says he wants to get us in a recordin studio an make a tape of our music. All the fellers is excited, includin Jenny Curran, an me, of course. The feller from New Yawk, Mister Feeblestein is his name. He say if everthing go well, we could be the hottest thing since the invention of night baseball. Mister Feeblestein say all we got to do is sign a piece of paper an then start gettin rich. George, the guy who plays keyboard for us, has been teachin me a little bit of how to play it, an Mose, the drummer, is also lettin me beat on his drums some. It is kind of fun, learnin how to play all them things, an my harmonica too. Ever day I practice some, an ever night the band play at the Hodaddy Club. Then one afternoon I come home from class an there is Jenny settin by hersef on the couch. I axed her where is Rudolph, an she say he has â€Å"split.† I axed what for, an she say, â€Å"Cause he is a nogood bastid like all the rest,† an so I says, â€Å"Why don’t we go out an get ourselfs some supper an talk bout it?† Naturally, she does most of the talkin, an it is really jus a string of gripes bout men. She say we are â€Å"lazy, unresponsible, selfish, low-down lyin shits.† She is goin on that way for a wile an then she start to cry. I says, â€Å"Awe, Jenny, don’t do that. It ain’t nothin. That ole Rudolph didn’t look like the kinda feller for you no how, squattin on the floor like that an all.† An she say, â€Å"Yes, Forrest, probly you is right. I’d like to go home now.† An so we do. When we get home, Jenny begun takin off her clothes. She is down to her underpants, an I am jus settin on the couch tryin not to notice, but she come up an stand in front of me an she say, â€Å"Forrest, I want you to fuck me now.† You coulda knocked me over with a feather! I jus set there an gawked up at her. Then she set down nex to me an started foolin with my britches, an nex thing I knowed, she’d got off my shirt an was huggin an kissin me an all. At first, it was jus a little odd, her doin all that. Course I had dreamed bout it all along, but I had not expected it quite this way. But then, well I guess somethin come over me, an it didn’t matter what I’d expected, cause we was rollin aroun on the couch an had our clothes nearly off an then Jenny pulled down my undershorts an her eyes get big an she say, â€Å"Whooo – lookit what you got there!† an she grapped me jus like Miz French had that day, but Jenny never say nothin about me keepin my eyes closed, so I didn’t. Well, we done all sorts of things that afternoon that I never even dreamt of in my wildest imagination. Jenny shown me shit I never could of figgered out on my own – sidewise, crosswise, upside down, bottom-wise, lengthwise, dogwise, standin up, settin down, bendin over, leanin back, inside-out an outside-in – only way we didn’t try it was apart! We rolled all over the livin room an into the kitchen – stove in furniture, knocked shit over, pulled down drapes, mussed up the rug an even turned the tv set on by accident. Wound up doin it in the sink, but don’t axe me how. When we is finally finished, Jenny jus lie there a wile, an then she look at me an say, â€Å"Goddamn, Forrest, where is you been all my life?† â€Å"I been aroun,† I says. Naturally, things are a bit different between Jenny an me after that. We commenced to sleep in the same bed together, which was also kind of strange for me at first, but I sure got used to it. When we was doin our act at the Hodaddy Club, ever so often Jenny would pass by me an muss up my hair, or run her fingers down the back of my neck. All of a sudden things start to change for me – like my whole life jus begun, an I am the happiest feller in the world. How to cite Forrest Gump Chapter Ten, Essay examples

Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question: Describe about the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)? Answer: Clinical audit is the evaluation process of practices that helps in ensuring that patients are receiving accurate treatment and proper services. This is done by measuring the services and the care provided against each research based standards thus identifying scope of improvement in the existing practice in order to deliver best services (Borbasi, 2010). Research is a systematic process of investigation in order to either increase the current knowledge or to discover new facts. Research is divided into two categories namely basic research and applied research. The aim of the basic research is to increase the scientific knowledge whereas the aim of the applied research is to utilize the basic research for problem solving and to develop new processes and techniques (https://www.rph.wa.gov.au/~/media/Files/Hospitals/RPH/PDFs/The_Difference_between_Clinical_Audit_and_Research%20NHS.ashx. 1.1c Clinical audit characteristics: Research characteristics: It aims at evaluating the parameters of practice to be considered as best It aims at establishing the best possible practice It is very specific to a particular patient group The design and results can be replicated Initiated by service provider group Initiated by the researchers It is practice driven It is theory driven 1.1d Project 1: Project 1 is an example of clinical audit. Here the disease and problem related to its diagnosis has already been defined. The healthcare staffs design a project plan between the primary and secondary care for the patient based upon the experiences of the patient. In research patient is a subject upon whom study is carried out and there is no involvement of the subjects in any the decision making procedure. Secondly the project 1 shows that the project designed aimed at assessing different aspects of the standards maintained from diagnosis to treatment and finally the entire management. This is a part of clinical audit where the actions and research are analyzed to find if they are appropriate or not and what is the scope to make improvements in delivering the services. Clinical audit is carried out for a specific group of patients likewise here a particular sample of patients is identified and assessed. Findings from the analysis of the questionnaires, local guidelines, the status o f secondary care, improvements to be made in the treatment and support system are some of the outcomes of the clinical audit carried out. Project 2: The project 2 is also a clinical audit. The various steps of clinical audit are planning, measurement of the performance, implementation of the changes and sustaining the improvements. In the present project, the issue considered is administration of drug, which is a crucial aspect of nursing care. This is because error in drug administration will lead to fatal consequences. There is a chain of events in administration of drug that involves different healthcare staff members. To carry out clinical audit first a specific methodology was designed which was reviewed by a designated committee. The project aimed at ensuring the accurate drug administration in a safe way, improving the clinical practice and to provide evidences to support further planning and managerial changes. Close analysis of all the planning leads to few outcomes such as a proper analysis of pre and post registration and to design a policy in order to manage and support the nurses involved in any kind of drug incident s. 1.2 The clinical governance is mechanism used to ensure high standards of clinical care are being maintained across all the NHS (McSherry, 2011). Clinical audit is one of the six elements of clinical governance the other five are education, management of risk, clinical effectiveness, research and openness. Initially clinical audit was not considered as a part of clinical governance used for measuring the quality of the clinical care given rather it was a separate process for clinically managing the activities. However it was realized that the clinical audit has several primary functions for the clinicians as it helps in shaping and managing the programs to achieve the strategic objectives of an organization. The board of clinical governance is responsible to take care of the extent of effectiveness of the functions and to carry out scrutiny of the arrangements for risk management. Clinical audit is the top priority of the board as it gives scope to increase the assurance and functions by proposing different programs to increase the trust factor between the healthcare staffs and the patients. Hence it can be said that the clinical audit is an integral part of the clinical governance in order to design a quality framework (McPherson, 2011). 2.1 The clinical audit obligations for a healthcare organization are as follows: To fill the gap between the actual care and evidence based practices in order to address the shortcomings in the safety of the patients. Healthcare staffs required to participate in the systems for quality assurance and improvement and so has to increase the opportunities of the patients to heal faster. Disciplined and ethical conduct of the healthcare staffs is required. This is because often it happens that patients do not get safe and effective care or benefit of one patient is in the expense of another patient. Hence a focused and discipline staffs will increase the effectiveness of the services provided without wasting much of the healthcare resources. Healthcare organizations also do have ethical obligations regarding medical practice and should ensure that medical staffs are bound by their professional ethics and oaths. All the healthcare staffs at their own level should constructively respond to the audit outcomes and performance reviews so as to undertake any kind of training further as and when necessary (Nouraei, 2009). 2.2 The potential advantages of clinical auditing are as follows: It offer ways to assess and improve the patient care services It helps the healthcare staffs to identify the risk factors within the services provided Regular audit helps in creating a culture of improvement in the quality in the clinical setup. For the participants it is informative process. It helps the healthcare staffs to keep themselves updated with evidence based practices. It helps in achieving job satisfaction Altogether it can improve the effectiveness and quality of the healthcare (Gupta, 2009). The involvement of healthcare staffs in carrying out clinical auditing is important as it enhances their analytical skills, helps them to gain knowledge through collaborations with colleagues. Healthcare staffs tend to learn many clinical to technical aspects of their job and to work in a dynamic group. Theoretically gaining knowledge often doesnt help healthcare staffs to take crucial decisions hence evidence based practical gain of knowledge helps in identifying real issue and to take important crucial decisions (Som, 2009). Clinical audit improves the patient care by routinely checking whether patients are getting right treatment and in a right way or not. When and as required the clinical staffs are able to take measures to improve the care and services provided to the patient. Understanding and defining the standards of patient care is very important outcome of clinical auditing. This is done when clinical staffs goes thoroughly into the records of the patient and directly collects information from them. Precise data analysis helps in gathering accurate information regarding health status of the patient which in turn helps in deciding whether the quality of care provided to the patient is acceptable or not. Depending upon the results of the quality of care being provided, further actions are taken. For example if quality of care is not found good enough then possible reasons are searched and actions are taken to improve the quality (Luxford, 2011). 3.1 Criteria and standards are the two terminologies in clinical audit that are often misunderstood. Criteria can be defined as the item for care or an aspect to perform practice for. A criterion is written as individual statement and represents the best practice that should take place in day to day operations. Whereas standards are refer in percentages. Example of criterion with respect to pharmacists is that the drugs supplied to patients should not be outdated and that of standard is that the drug should be 100% in date. 3.2 Person having diabetes should get his eye and feet checked in every 6 months and not annually. This is because a person suffering from diabetes is vulnerable to several foot problems. High diabetes tends to damage nerves and reduces the blood flow to the feet. Similarly eye check up is required in every six months as the small blood vessels in retina gets affected due to high diabetes. Damage of retinal vessels is known as retinopathy. It damages the vision and when left untreated can causes permanently blindness (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2011). The front sheet of the patients record should consist of name of the patient, NHS number, age. However apart from this it should also consist of last diagnosis, the disease and the code of operation and the signature of the doctor attending. This is important because the next attending doctor will instantly get an idea of the present situation of patient and accordingly can plan for next diagnosis or treatment (Baorto, 2009). Flu is a common disease yet it can cause fatal consequences if not treated at right time. Mostly flu is accompanied by mild illness that which requires light medication and they can recover in less than a week time. However there are certain conditions under which the complications of flu may increase and patient will be required to hospitalize. People generally aging above 65 years need special care for flu. Administration of antiviral drugs and proper care is required as the complication of flu increases with age. The immune system of older people becomes weak compared to young and healthy adults. The seasonal diseases easily affect the weak immune system of the older people and since the immune defense system is weak, older people are not being able to revive easily from the flu symptoms often leading to death (Mereckiene, 2010). 3.3 PATIENT POPULATION AUDIT DATA COLLECTION SAMPLE 50 44 300 169 1000 278 10000 370 .3.4a The below documentation audit is developed to analyze the type of diagnosis and care is provided to patients admitted in ICU. This is important because patient in ICU requires high quality and safe nursing care. Hence nursing documentation audit is integral part of delivering good care to the patients. Name of the patient: Age: Personal details of the patient Name of the Unit referred to Ongoing medications: The nursing care plan The nursing diagnosis Nursing outcomes Nursing interventions Progress report Discharge note No Criterion Standard Source 1 Should be clear and accurate 100% Trust policy 2 In English 100% Trust policy 3 Time of entry 100% Trust policy 4 Date of entry 100% Trust policy 5 Written in dark ink and should be reproducible 100% Trust policy 6 Written in objective way 100% Trust policy 7 Relevant with the patient 100% Nursing documentation in nursing records 8 Include only personal information of the patient 100% The personal details of the patient in the patients record. 9 Accurate statements of clinical interaction 100% Evaluation notes in the nursing record. 10 Distinguish between what was observed and performed. 100% Nursing care plan in the nursing record 3.4b Data Collection Form: Name of the patient Age: Sex: Past medical history of the patient Result of any physical examination conducted before Any kind of alcohol or drug abuse Allergies Findings of physical examination Current illness Types of diagnosis carried out Recommendation made References: Baorto, D., Li, L., Cimino, J. 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