The negative effects on children whose parents push them in sports Term Paper

The negative effects on children whose parents push them in sports - Term Paper Example 397). However, a child’s perception of parental support can greatly influence how or if the child obtains the benefits associated with sport (Lerner, Lerner and Finkelstein 2001, 706). Observable negative effects of parental pressure on children in sport include low self-esteem, increase fear of failing, an increase in physical complaints/illness/injury, feeling inadequate, feeling guilty, anxious and general discontent with sport participation (Lerner, Lerner and Finkelstein 2001, 706). In order to demonstrate the negative effects of parental pressure on children’s participation in sport an exploration and analysis of the literature on the importance of parental pressure and support in the child’s sport participation is conducted. A survey was distributed among 6th grade students at a local elementary school and their parents to compare their different perspectives on sports. The findings in both the literature review and the empirical research study are discussed with general suggestions for parents relative to how they approach parenting in terms of supporting their children’s participation in sports. This research study examines the negative effects of parents pushing their children’s participation in sport. As a lead into this study, it is important to underline the different perspectives parents and children have of sport participation. Studies suggest that children engage in sport for a variety of reasons. For some studies children sport participation is aligned with acceptance by peers (Horn 2008, 279). Other studies suggest that children engage in sport activities for the sheer excitement of winning and competing or to simply improve their social and physical skills (Grolnick 2003, 135). For younger children sport is merely a method for playing and having fun (Laker 2000, 29). Inevitably, studies agree for the most part that how

Business Description For Students Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Description For Students - Case Study Example The business will identify ways to advertise and promote customers in order to reduce competition and to be known widely. Several pricing strategies will be used to determine the price of different cars depending on size. Sales tactic will be adopted to increase the number of net sales. Being a sole proprietorship the business will be managed by the owner ,it will also employ other personnel with the required qualification they include; the manager, cashier(accountant ), cleaners and general workers there will be recruitment and training programs for the employees .employees are to be fairly paid for them to be satisfied, incentives will be used in order to motivate the workers ,the business has acquired license, permit, and bylaws to run smoothly without government interruptions. Necessary support service like banks, postal services, insurance and health services are included for easy run For business to run, various production facilities are to be purchased basing on the size and capacities required. The estimated amount of the machines start the is$ 1.3 million .the scanning machine at the entrance will be unique to ensure safety and attract customers .the, monthly labour in terms of wages and salaries is to be $50000 .the business will have various rules and regulation that will affect the business from running smoothly such as health regulation and operation time The operation cost for the business is to be$ 27500 and the working capital will total to 56000 the projected cash flow statement for the year shows the total sales for the Year to be $482580 the purchases are 1415000.

Public Opinions of UFOs and Previous Research

Public Opinions of UFOs and Previous Research DO THE OPINIONS PEOPLE HAVE ABOUT UFOS PROVE THAT UFOS ARE THERE? Introduction Edward U. Condon, 1968, defined UFO (short for unidentified flying object), as an object seen in the sky and thought to be capable of flight , which observers could not identify. Most scientists studying UFOs adopt such a definition. According to Ruppelt,1956, the first reported photograph of a UFO was made on July 4th, 1947 in Seattle, Washington. Edward U. Condon, 1968 presented a scientific study on UFOs, which influenced the research of UFOs. Since that time, Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), Center for UFO (CUFOS) Centre Nationale d~tudes Spatiale Studies (CNES) Group d~tude des Phhnom5mes Ahrospatiaux Non-Identifiis (GEPAN) has emerged to carried out UFO research. (P. A. Sturroc, 1987). The UFO phenomenon has puzzled the public and the scientist for almost half centuries. According to Patricia B. Corbett, 2015, about 70% American believed that UFOs were real at the beginning of the 21st century. Literature review Don Berliner, 1995, UFO was reported in Government Statements, some was discovered by Radar , some was witnessed by narrator , some was observed by telescope. The Air Force Environmental Technical Applications Center released 3,200 UFO reports received during 1947 -1952. According to Menkello, F.V.,1969, Most UFOs could be observed in daylight with simple geometric shapes: spheres, discs, cylinders and triangles. Gillmor, Daniel S.1969 reported two witnesses observed UFO, silvery, metallic disc-shaped ,10m diameter as well the geometric, psychological and physical factors investigated . The purpose of this study is to establish whether the opinions of the public in regards to UFOs prove the existence of UFOs. Nearly all of the world’s populaces that have held in reserve written accounts of epochs gone by havedocumented the hearings and sightings of weird objects and illumination in the firmament. These objects have often been depicted as gleaming wheels, colored orbs light beams, and diskshaped bits and pieces. In the present day, inexplicable airborne phenomena are in general known as or rather christened- unidentified flying objects (UFOs) or flying saucers. Innumerable accounts of UFO sightings are present and are properly acknowledged in the literature of the study of the class of UFOs. This area of study is extensively known as ufology (Jacobs, 1975). I will discuss various literary works on whether the opinions people have about UFOs prove that UFOs are there. This paper will critique the literary works as well as answer questions like whether there are really UFOs in existence? Whether the reports on the existence of UFOs are conclusive? Different literary works will be examined and critiqued to make a final conclusion on the farfetched ideology of UFOs. The author’s individual records consist of the prime case papers of various past literary works. There are also almost certainly a few aural discussions with key onlookers to the apparent existence. This is a minor primary data base matched up to with the bona fide long-standing case investigators in the field. Some of them are in possession of or have ready contact to the USAF Project Bluebook microfilms consist of all accessible project exploratory papers from the year 1947 to the year 1969 recording almost thirteen thousand sightings. Informal readers would be implausible to encounter an opportunity to interpret such documented documentation even if they aspire to. The closest that such a booklover can get to such data is to interpret either a comprehensive exploration of an exact case assembled by a key case investigator or compilation of facts (Menzel Tavez, 1977). An immense pool of scientific information on UFOs can mostly be found only in the published accounts of witnesses. In addition to it, it can be tapped by the vigilant investigation of particulars in distinct well-documented proceedings or in the amalgamation from many analogous instances. Legitimacy of the facts is guaranteed when the records comprise of scientific information that possibly will not probably have been acknowledged to the witnesses. Oddly enough, evidence from uncomplicated, normal people can as a result be the most priceless. It is necessary to put one’s interest upon the observable fact documented rather than the personality of the witness or supplementary diversionary matters. At the time a UFO generates some noticeable outcome in our surroundings, it should be acquiescent to methodical investigation; that is, it is supposed to have a rational elucidation. As a consequence, proficient examination of UFO sightings and stories will more often than not unveil t he precise mechanism that generates the pragmatic effect, or at least recognize one that may be dependable. All experimental consequences of UFOs, apart from entirely mechanical procedures and objects, carry propositions of gravitational and electromagnetic fields in their locality. The impacts that the sightings of extra terrestrial beings or rather objects can bear an unfavorable influence onthe populace if predisposed in the wrong way. There is no concrete attestation that shows that UFOs arein existence, nevertheless scores of the reported sightings cannot be verified otherwise. The facts from the mainstream media, stories, ora person’s own understanding may time and again manipulate what someone perceives to be true. Various administrations had onceavowed that they had gotten a hold of some extra terrestrial beings and objects. On theconverse, a good number of scientists currently seem to be in agreement that approximately all sightings and accounts ofextra terrestrial beings and objects are not bona fide. Since the year 1948, the United States of America administration has proceedingsof many UFO sightings, including photos of alleged UFOs andinterviews with people who claim to have seen them. In view of the fact that UFOs were cut out as an impendin g security threat the details on these sightings were in the beginningtaken as state secret. As soon as the report was soon after declassified itgave evidence that 90 percent of each and every UFO sightings could be explained without any difficulty (Craig, 1995). The past accounts of UFO sightings and their societal and opinionated perspective and consequences comprises of the extensive subject matter of this study and offers a position for scrutiny of how experts deal with both in public and in confidence, incongruities that come out in relevance to science. The systematic appraisal of unidentified flying objects, specially undertaken by the Air Force in the year 1968 and christened as the Condon Report; accords a multifaceted case for the investigation of how the results and conclusions of the exploration were predisposed by all that had transpired on before in the area of ufology (Hauck, 1976). As per the deductions of this case study on how experts conduct themselves when faced with uncharacteristic phenomena, one could investigate substitute models that may be productive to the study of contentious research topics. One may carry out a textual investigation of Air Force intelligence of UFOs and evaluate them with sighting accounts of the public. The proof concerning UFOs incidental and sprouts from individual authentication and eyewitness stories, which are not approved as conclusive evidence; the witnesses act as the tool of breakthrough. In ufology, the most important researchers are proletarian; as a consequence the proof is indefinite and colored by the standpoint and structure of allusion of the individual researcher. Currently, there are many accounts on diverse aspects of the UFO phenomena based on people’s opinions but this does not validate their existence. Don Berliner et al, 1995 presented case history of UFOs during the period 1944-1994.These cases were from thousands of unexplained UFO reports. Some were witnessed by expert, some were described in detail. Some were authenticated . they formed the basis of the UFO mystery. These case histories offered clear patterns for research and should not be consider as collection of disparate observational errors. Each of the cases represented one or more characteristics of UFO reports: physical traces, radar/visual detection, air-to-air sightings and multiple witness observations etc. Most of these cases involved government activity to some extent. Research  Questions The question in studies of UFO photographs is â€Å"does the report have any probative value in establishing the existence of UFO?† and the secondary question is â€Å"what is the final explanation of each photograph?†(Edward U. Condon, 1968) Don Berliner et al, 1995 said the primary question â€Å"if UFOs are so different from all known phenomena, what are they?† still remained. Patricia B. Corbett ,2015 give his answer to the two question â€Å"What is needed to change the prevailing view of mainstream science concerning UFOs?† and â€Å"what do scientists need to conduct a serious investigation of the UFO phenomenon?† Paul Hill,1995 discusses the question Why UFOs Tilt to Maneuver? in his book â€Å"Unconventional Flying Objects: A Scientific Analysis† CUFOS, 2015, gave the public the answer of the following question:† What are UFOs?†,† Who sees UFOs?† , â€Å" What do UFOs look like?† and â€Å"How fast do they move?† Sturrock, Peter A., 1999 answered the question â€Å"If UFOs are real, shouldnt they produce some real physical effects?† Methodology Edward U. Condon, 1968, carried out a UFO research base on convincing case of photographic evidence and scientific investigation, but Hynek, J. S. (1972) and P. A. STURROC (1987) make specific criticisms on the methodology. A panel of the national academy of sciences, 1968 pointed out that the methodology and approach in were in accordance with accepted standards of scientific investigation. Hynek, J. S. (1972) developed the Close Encounter classification system which was considered as scientific analysis methods for UFOs. Jacques F. Vallee, 1990 carried out A survey of ten cases of UFOs. According to P. A. STURROC, 1987, investigation with one or more considered Extra-terrestrial Hypothesis was carried out in most scientific research. Scientists need conduct a serious investigation of the UFO phenomenon as the following steps :firstly to observe a physical phenomenon by their own eyes; secondly to formulate a hypothesis about the phenomenon; thirdly to carry out experiments to test the hypothesisv fourthly to draw a conclusions based on the results of the tests. Although today’s scientists are interested in UFOs, they refuse to look into the telescope and unwilling to become involved publicly. (Patricia B. Corbett ,2015). The scientific method should be open minded in the data collecting and analysis without prejudice. Sturrock, Peter A., 1999 represented a reasonable overview of the physical realities of UFOs.Sturrock, Peter A. began his study with a review of the historically important Condon Report and considered it scientifically flawed. Sturrock, Peter A’s The UFO Enigma addressed the presentations based on substantial evidence. Sturrock also addressed trace evidence which reported landings of UFOs. References A panel of the national academy of sciences,1968 ,review of the university of colorado report on unidentified flying objects, retrieved on Feb,15th ,2015 from http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/homeland_defense/UFOs/nas_re1.pdf Craig, Roy. UFOs: An Insiders View of the Official Quest for Evidence. Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 1995. CUFOS , What are UFOs? Center for UFO Studies , retrieved on Feb,15th,2015 from http://www.cufos.org/faq_english_p1.html Don Berliner, Marie Galbraith and Antonio Huneeus UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS BRIEFING DOCUMENT ;THE BEST AVAILABLE EVIDENCE , CUFONS, FUFOR, MUFON ,December 1995, retrieved on Feb,15th,2015 from http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/Rockefeller-Briefing-Document.pdf Edward U. Condon, 1968, Scientific study of unidentified flying objects, released in 1999, retrieved on Feb, 15, 2015, from http://www.avia-it.com/act/biblioteca/libri/PDF_Libri_By_Archive.org/AVIATION/Final report of the Scientific study of Unidentified Flying Objects Condon E..pdf Gillmor, Daniel S., ed., Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects, New York Times Books, 1969. Hauck, Dennis W., Editor, â€Å"Pilot Experiences Electromagnetic Effects,† The MUFON UFO Journal, No. 107, p.11, October 1976. Hill, Paul R.1995, Unconventional Flying Objects: A Scientific Analysis , Hampton Roads Publishing Company, Inc., Charlottesville VA. ISBN 1-57174-027-9 Hynek, J. S. (1972). The UFO experience. Chicago: Henry Regnery Jacobs, David M. The UFO Controversy in America. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1975. Jacques F. Vallee, Physical Analyses in Ten Cases of Unexplained Aerial Objects with Material Samples Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1990 Menzel, Donald and Ernest Taves The UFO Enigma: The Definitive Explanation of the UFO Phenomenon. New York, 1977. Menkello, F.V., Quantitative Aspects of Mirages, USAF Environmental Technical Applications Center, 1969. P. A. Sturroc, An Analysis of the Condon Report on the Colorado UFO Project, Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. I, No. I, pp. 75-100. 1987 Patricia B. Corbett , UFOs A Challenge to Mainstream Science, retrieved on Feb,15th, 2015, http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc569.htm Ruppelt,1956, F.J., the report on unidentified flying objects, Garden City, N.Y. doubleday, 1956. Sturrock, Peter A. The UFO Enigma: A New Review of the Scientific Evidence New York: Time Warner, 1999

Success at Work Essay -- Business Management Studies

Success at Work A real story happened with Mohammed and Abdullah can illustrate the term "Success at Work". Mohammed and Abdullah graduated from the college of commerce and economics in 2000. Mohammed got a job in a global oil company and Abdullah got a job in a global bank. From the first day, Mohammed started working effectively. He was always putting his goals and then putting a lot of efforts in achieving those goals. That is, he was accomplishing his work tasks and responsibilities completely and creatively. In addition, he joined a lot of committees, in his company, as well as the staff club. On the other hand, Abdullah was happy because he was given an office, car, and telephone. He distributed his telephone number to his family members, friends and relatives, and offered them the priority in accomplishing their transactions in the bank. Because he was always busy in accomplishing his family’s transactions (wasta), he got no time to do his other tasks. As a result, a lot of work materials accumulated on his office. Abdullah’s behaviors bothered his fellow employees. They advised him o change his behaviors and to take care about his work tasks and responsibilities. Also, the bank’s administration sent him several warnings due to the employees' complaints. Unfortunately, Abdullah responded to those advices and warnings carelessly, and the same behaviors continued. The result of both cases: After 18 months of the employment:- Â · Mohammed received a promotion and got a...

Compromises That Lead to the Constitution

In the period between the drafting of the Constitution and the start of the Civil War, compromise was a main part in the governing of the United States. The Constitution itself is often referred to as a â€Å"bundle of compromises† and because of the effectiveness of these compromises it has been able to withstand time and continue to be the main source of our government. Conflict arose even after the Constitution and compromises were made to try to keep the Union together and decrease tensions between the North and South.In this paper, I will discuss the compromises that made up the Constitution as well as the compromises that were implemented leading up until the Civil War. The drafting of the Constitution is compiled of great compromises that are the reason why our great government is still working today. James Madison created one of these compromises called the Virginia Plan. His plan called for a strong central government, one that had control to legislate, levy taxes, ve to state laws, and authorize military force against states.His plan also called for a bicameral legislature and fixed representation in both houses of Congress proportionally to each state’s population. The people would select the lower house and those in that house would elect the delegates in the upper house who in turn would select the president and judges. This plan didn’t work because those smaller states felt they wouldn’t have equal representation in this house due to their population being smaller than the larger states. They feared that the large states would control the legislatures and the small states wouldn’t be able to get what they wanted done.After the Virginia Plan didn’t work, William Paterson of New Jersey offered another proposal called the New Jersey Plan. This plan stated that there should be a single chamber congress in which each state had an equal vote, just like the Articles. This plan also did not work because it gave too much power to the smaller states who only compiled about 25% of the Americans. And so, the Great Compromise was proposed. This compromise was passed on July 17, 1787 and stated that the upper house would have equal representation, satisfying the small states, and the lower house would be based on population, satisfying the large states.The fear of the people was that the central government would become too powerful and that the states wouldn’t be able to do anything about it. Through debate and in attempt to solve this from happening, the framers of the Constitution came up with two things: separation of powers and the system of checks and balances. These two systems have kept our central government from getting too powerful as well as keeping our states from getting too powerful. Separation of powers meant that the three distinct branches in the national government all had different powers and one branch couldn’t try to do the job of the others.These three branches a re the executive, judicial, and legislative branch. The executive branch is composed of the President of the United States and his cabinet, the legislative branch is composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, and the judicial branch is the Supreme Court. The system of checks and balances was meant to prevent any one branch from dominating the other two. Examples of the checks and balances include the power of the President to veto acts of Congress, but to insure that the president doesn’t overuse this power Congress can override a president’s veto with a two-thirds majority in each house.The framers also made it so the Constitution could be amended if needed by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress and then the amendment has to be ratified by three-fourths of the states. This amendment process is the reason why the Constitution has lasted as long as it has and why all the compromises the make of the Constitution still hold true today. The framers made it so the Constitution can be changed if and when our country changed views and ideas on all sorts of issues.The admittance of Missouri as a state threatened the balance of the union in 1819, which at the time had eleven free states and eleven slave states. Since Missouri’s population was composed of 16 percent slaves, it would be admitted as a slave state therefore upsetting the balance in favor of the south. Northerners didn’t like this because Missouri was at the same latitude as the free states of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, and because of this they feared that it would set a precedent for slave states coming more north.The north and south continued to argue and argue over the issue of slavery. The north accused the south of trying to extend the institution of slavery and the south said that the north was conspiring to destroy the Union and end slavery. To resolve this crisis, congress passed a series of agreements that became known as the Missouri Compromise, whi ch smoothed over the crisis. In 1820, Congress admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state in order to balance the number of free and slave states and to keep order between the north and south.Also, it prohibited slavery in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase north of the southern boundary of Missouri. This compromise soon fell apart after it was passed. Missouri drafted its own Constitution saying that free blacks were prohibited from entering their territory. Because of this provision, which was against the federal Constitution stating that citizens of one state were entitled to the same rights as citizens of other states, antislavery northerners didn’t allow Missouri to be admitted into the Union until 1821.In 1821, Henry Clay came up with a second Missouri Compromise, which didn’t allow Missouri from discriminating against citizens of other states. This compromise didn’t really calm the conflict between the north and south in terms of sl avery. In fact, the conflicts that resulted in the Missouri compromise were the reasons that the Union fell apart 40 years later. The north still feared the spread of slavery into the north and the south feared that the north would try and take away a key part of their way of life, slavery, and the compromise did nothing to calm these fears.By the end of the Mexican-American War, the United States contained thirty states in the union, fifteen of which were slave states and fifteen that were free states. Due to the huge amount of territory that was gained at the end of the war in 1848, the balance of free and slave states was threatened. Southern, or slave states, feared that because of the doctrine of free soil, which meant that Congress prohibited slavery in the territories. So the southerners came up with the idea of extending the Missouri Compromise.Slavery again was the main issue when determining the admittance of states into the Union. In early 1850, Henry Clay again forged a set of compromises to resolve the issues between the north and south. He proposed the admission of California as a free state; the division of the remainder of Mexican cession into two territories, New Mexico and Utah without federal restrictions on slavery; the settlement of Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute on terms of favorable to New Mexico; an agreement that the federal would assume the considerable public debt of Texas; the continuance of slavery in Washington D.C but the abolition of slave trade there; and a more effective fugitive slave law. By summer, Congress passed each part of the component of Clay’s set of compromises. Although it passed, it still didn’t solve the differences between the north and south. The only reason it passed was because the minority in the north and the minority in the south who favored it combined to be more than those who opposed it in the north and south. This compromise favored more so the north than the south.The north had many o bvious â€Å"wins† in this compromise such as California as a free state, the potential of New Mexico and Utah being free states, and the abolition of slave trade in D. C. The compromise still left open the question of whether Congress had the power to prohibit slavery in territories outside of the Mexican cession. A big issue the north had with this compromise was the acceptance of the Fugitive Slave Law. In 1793, the Fugitive Slave Law was passed. This law required judges to award possession of an escaped slave upon any formal request by a master or his representative.Runaways, as slaves who fled their masters were called, were denied a jury trial and sometimes even refused permission to present evidence of their freedom. This law denied free slaves the same rights that were given to whites under the Bill of Rights. Although this law was upheld, it did not mean that Northerners followed it. This upset the south very much and was a main reason the compromise didn’t la st. They wanted the north to follow the provisions of the compromise since they had to as well.In 1854, Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, which opened new lands for settlement and farming. It repealed the Missouri Compromise by allowing settlers in those states to determine through popular sovereignty whether they were slave states or free states. The result of popular sovereignty was the flooding of northerners and southerners into these territories trying to either vote them into being free states or slave states.This act just set fuel to the fire between north and south in terms of slavery and cause great conflict in these territories. The conflicts between the North and South were never truly resolved with the compromises after the ratification of the Constitution. The compromises worked temporarily to smooth over the tensions between them but they never lasted. The reason for this was the le gislations never fixed the real issue, the question of whether blacks were considered equal to whites under the law and until the government made it clear, conflict was inevitable and compromise wouldn’t work.

Peasant Revolt DBQ

The peasant revolts in late 1524 were constructed by peasants, craftsmen, and poor soldiers. Although the cause of these peasant revolts were constant, there are several responses from the German states. Some German’s saw the attacks as too intense, others such as nobles viewed the revolts as devious, and others including the pastors and people with religious beliefs related the revolts to god’s will. The documents mostly overlooking the ruthlessness of the attacks came from Martin Luther and the Pastor.These documents depict a message that the revolts were extensive. Their responses to the revolts were both the same, almost like they were reflecting on the occurrences of the revolts as a summary rather than an opinion. The townsfolk were the peasant supporters, opening the gates and towers to the peasants to let them in. Being a rebel himself, Martin Luther, theologian, was able to relate and give a different point of view on the peasant revolts.Luther has more of a ne gative outlook towards the peasants, as he states that â€Å"(the peasants) violently took matters into their own hands. † The map given shows that most conflict was in the middle of Germany, ranging down towards Republic of Venice and South Germany. One other document that conveyed the message of the overall attack responses was the Decree of the Imperial Diet. It talked about the recap of the year, the â€Å"unchristian rebellion by subjects through southern Germany†, and other larger than life depictions of the revolts.The three documents written or directed towards the noblemen convey the noblemen response to the revolts. In the document in reply of Memmingen Town Council, we are able to see what the high authorities of the town had to say about the peasant revolts between 1524 and 1526. â€Å"The peasants shall pay us a reasonable amount of money. † This shows the cause of the peasant revolts, as there were duties being asked of the lower class, and they we re not able to follow up the requests, such as money.Lichtenstein, a noblemen, also reflects on the peasant revolts, saying how nobles joined the peasants because no help or consolation had been sent by the territorial prince. Lichtenstein, however, tells us how it was like to be a nobleman during this time: â€Å"I begged that the peasants should not force me to swear an oath of allegiance to them. † Von Henneberg reflects on the response to the revolts, and how the nobles attempted to ignore the revolt attempts. Peasant Revolt DBQ The peasant revolts in late 1524 were constructed by peasants, craftsmen, and poor soldiers. Although the cause of these peasant revolts were constant, there are several responses from the German states. Some German’s saw the attacks as too intense, others such as nobles viewed the revolts as devious, and others including the pastors and people with religious beliefs related the revolts to god’s will. The documents mostly overlooking the ruthlessness of the attacks came from Martin Luther and the Pastor.These documents depict a message that the revolts were extensive. Their responses to the revolts were both the same, almost like they were reflecting on the occurrences of the revolts as a summary rather than an opinion. The townsfolk were the peasant supporters, opening the gates and towers to the peasants to let them in. Being a rebel himself, Martin Luther, theologian, was able to relate and give a different point of view on the peasant revolts.Luther has more of a ne gative outlook towards the peasants, as he states that â€Å"(the peasants) violently took matters into their own hands. † The map given shows that most conflict was in the middle of Germany, ranging down towards Republic of Venice and South Germany. One other document that conveyed the message of the overall attack responses was the Decree of the Imperial Diet. It talked about the recap of the year, the â€Å"unchristian rebellion by subjects through southern Germany†, and other larger than life depictions of the revolts.The three documents written or directed towards the noblemen convey the noblemen response to the revolts. In the document in reply of Memmingen Town Council, we are able to see what the high authorities of the town had to say about the peasant revolts between 1524 and 1526. â€Å"The peasants shall pay us a reasonable amount of money. † This shows the cause of the peasant revolts, as there were duties being asked of the lower class, and they we re not able to follow up the requests, such as money.Lichtenstein, a noblemen, also reflects on the peasant revolts, saying how nobles joined the peasants because no help or consolation had been sent by the territorial prince. Lichtenstein, however, tells us how it was like to be a nobleman during this time: â€Å"I begged that the peasants should not force me to swear an oath of allegiance to them. † Von Henneberg reflects on the response to the revolts, and how the nobles attempted to ignore the revolt attempts.

Master the Guitar Essays - Chords, Guitar Chords, Seventh Chords

Master the Guitar Essays - Chords, Guitar Chords, Seventh Chords 1 Master the Guitar In 7 Days! 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Day 1 Pgs 4-12 Introduction Fundamentals of Your Guitar Tuning Hand & Finger Basics Posture Day 2 Review of Day 1 (Practice For What it's Worth) Pgs 13-21 Open Chords Major open chords Minor open chords Dominant 7th major chords Major 7th open chords Diminished chords Augmented chords Summary Day 3 Review of Day 1 - 2 (Practice Hurt) Pgs 22-37 Beginning Theory Major scales Minor scales Harmonic minor scales Melodic minor scales 3 Day 4 Review of Day 1 - 3 Pgs 38-45 Beginning Theory Cont. Key signature glossary Notation & other music symbols Day 5 Review of Day 1 - 4 Pgs 46-47 Tablature Day 6 Review of Day 1 - 5 (Practice Hey There Delilah) Pgs 48-64 CAGED system for barre chords E & A Forms Power chords Strumming Patterns Day 7 Review all Days (Practice Seven Nation Army) Pgs 65-71 Time to Play Conclusion 4 DAY 1 INTRODUCTION It looks like you want to learn the guitar! Congratulations! You will find this endeavor rewarding and at times, very trying. I have been a musician for nearly 30 years and am here to inject my musical wisdom into you. There won't be a magic button you can press that will make you good. Practice will be the only way to get where you want to go and play the way you want to play, a lot of practice. I'm going to walk you through the very basics of your guitar, tuning, posture, how to hold your pick, exercises, notation, tablature, scales, beginning theory, chords, strumming, and some really simple songs you can rock to! Don't limit yourself to one genre (style) of music. You should really diversify. You will learn so much more by listening to rock, jazz, blues, bluegrass, classical, and Spanish styles of guitar. Be sure that as you learn that you spend time with people that are musicians. Learn from their experience and expertise. Everyone possesses a different interpretation of music and songwriting, so take it as a free lesson. The last thing I want to say before we get started is have fun. Playing the guitar is an enriching experience with many rewards along the way! 5 FUNDAMENTALS OF YOUR GUITAR One of the first things you are going to want to do is get familiar with your guitar, guitar part names, and accessory names. Here is a diagram: All parts of the guitar are equally important, but some of the areas of particular interest are (from the bottom up) the bridge, strings, neck, fret, and tuning pegs. Let's begin with the bridge. This is where your stings will be changed. There are round pegs at the end of every string. These will need to be pulled out and new stings inserted. You will need to learn the string names. Beginning from 6 the top (biggest) string to the bottom string (smallest): EADGBE. The top and bottom strings are the same note, just different octaves. On the neck of your guitar you should notice two things. One, there are going to be a series of metal lines that extend from one end of the neck to the other. These are called frets. Two, if you look down the side of the neck of your guitar you will see dots. The dots are located at frets 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, and 17. Fret 12 has a double dot for which I will explain further once we get to that portion of these lessons. Let's talk for a minute about the tuning pegs at the top of the guitar on the headstock. This is where the stings end. Before you ever change strings, pay particular attention to which peg each string ends up. Here is a helpful hint for remembering how the strings are placed into the tuning pegs. If you are holding your guitar in posture (which will be discussed a little later) there will be three pegs pointing toward the ceiling (upright) and three pointing toward the ground (downward). If you are looking at the guitar as the diagram indicates, there will be three pegs on the left and three pegs on the right. Let's work with the latter example. Low E (biggest string) goes into bottom left peg, A goes to middle left peg, D goes to top left peg, G does to top right peg, B goes to middle right peg, high E (smallest string) goes to bottom right peg Here is an important reminder for you once you have reached this point. Be sure that you thread all strings the same way. What I mean by this is be sure that when you turn the peg clockwise, it tightens the string while counterclockwise loosens

Free Essays on Themes In Dr. Rappaccinis Daughter

A major theme in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Rappaccini’s Daughter is pride. There is a lack of parental morality in this piece of work, and a sense of good is distorted by Dr. Rappaccini‘s pride. He thinks he is helping his daughter by bringing her a mate infected with her poison, but really he is taking on the role of God. His values are very low, and he has no right to interfere with his daughter’s life and happiness. He ends up indirectly killing his own daughter, and leaving her loved one in mourning. Dr. Rappaccini knows his pride because he, himself, claims that he has created â€Å"The Garden of Eden† for his daughter and her loved one. This statement is not true because Dr. Rappaccini’s garden is sewn with the roots of pride and arrogance, while the real Garden of Eden was sewn by God, with love and compassion for the two people. Dr. Rappaccini’s attempts to adjust fate in the case of the two lovers end in utter failure. This shows that only God has the right to decide our lives and our futures, and his plans are perfect because of his good intentions for us. Rappaccini’s daughter suffered social alienation because of his sick love of science. He was able to live a normal life and venture out beyond the garden walls, but the case was not the same for her. He put his love of science before his love of his daughter, which led to her doom in the end of the story. Rappaccini’s pride in his great works of science and his pride in his garden came first, at his daughter’s expense. Nathaniel Hawthorne had a preoccupation with sin and pride, just like his Puritan ancestors. I believe that by writing this story, he was trying to convey certain principles and teachings, and an emphasis on symbolism to his readers. His point in this story was to show that pride leads us to failure, and that interference with the lives of others is a sin that should not be committed. I think that Nathaniel Hawthorne also... Free Essays on Themes In Dr. Rappaccini's Daughter Free Essays on Themes In Dr. Rappaccini's Daughter A major theme in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Rappaccini’s Daughter is pride. There is a lack of parental morality in this piece of work, and a sense of good is distorted by Dr. Rappaccini‘s pride. He thinks he is helping his daughter by bringing her a mate infected with her poison, but really he is taking on the role of God. His values are very low, and he has no right to interfere with his daughter’s life and happiness. He ends up indirectly killing his own daughter, and leaving her loved one in mourning. Dr. Rappaccini knows his pride because he, himself, claims that he has created â€Å"The Garden of Eden† for his daughter and her loved one. This statement is not true because Dr. Rappaccini’s garden is sewn with the roots of pride and arrogance, while the real Garden of Eden was sewn by God, with love and compassion for the two people. Dr. Rappaccini’s attempts to adjust fate in the case of the two lovers end in utter failure. This shows that only God has the right to decide our lives and our futures, and his plans are perfect because of his good intentions for us. Rappaccini’s daughter suffered social alienation because of his sick love of science. He was able to live a normal life and venture out beyond the garden walls, but the case was not the same for her. He put his love of science before his love of his daughter, which led to her doom in the end of the story. Rappaccini’s pride in his great works of science and his pride in his garden came first, at his daughter’s expense. Nathaniel Hawthorne had a preoccupation with sin and pride, just like his Puritan ancestors. I believe that by writing this story, he was trying to convey certain principles and teachings, and an emphasis on symbolism to his readers. His point in this story was to show that pride leads us to failure, and that interference with the lives of others is a sin that should not be committed. I think that Nathaniel Hawthorne also...

The Role of DNA in Evolution

The Role of DNA in Evolution Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the blueprint for all inherited characteristics in living things. It is a very long sequence, written in code, that needs to be transcribed and translated before a cell can make the proteins that are essential for life. Any sort of changes in the DNA sequence can lead to changes in those proteins, and, in turn, they can translate into changes in the traits those proteins control. Changes at a molecular level lead to microevolution of species. The Universal Genetic Code The DNA in living things is highly conserved. DNA has only four nitrogenous bases that code for all differences in living things on Earth. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine line up in a specific order and a group of three, or a codon, code for one of 20Â  amino acids found on Earth. The order of those amino acids determines what protein is made. Remarkably enough, only four nitrogenous bases that make only 20 amino acids account for all diversity of life on Earth. There has not been any other code or system found in any living (or once living) organism on Earth. Organisms from bacteria to humans to dinosaurs all have the same DNA system as a genetic code. This may point to evidence that all life evolved from a single common ancestor. Changes in DNA All cells are pretty well-equipped with a way to check a DNA sequence for mistakes before and after cell division, or mitosis. Most mutations, or changes in DNA, are caught before copies are made and those cells are destroyed. However, there are times when small changes do not make that much of a difference and will pass through the checkpoints. These mutations may add up over time and change some of the functions of that organism. If these mutations happen in somatic cells, in other words, normal adult body cells, then these changes do not affect future offspring. If the mutations happen in gametes, or sex cells, those mutations do get passed down to the next generation and may affect the function of the offspring. These gamete mutations lead to microevolution. Evidence for Evolution DNA has only come to be understood over the last century. The technology has been improving and has allowed scientists to not only map out entire genomes of many species, but they also use computers to compare those maps. By entering genetic information of different species, it is easy to see where they overlap and where there are differences. The more closely species are related on the phylogenetic tree of life, the more closely their DNA sequences will overlap. Even very distantly related species will have some degree of DNA sequence overlap. Certain proteins are needed for even the most basic processes of life, so those selected parts of the sequence that codes for those proteins will be conserved in all species on Earth. DNA Sequencing and Divergence Now that DNA fingerprinting has become easier, cost-effective, and efficient, the DNA sequences of a wide variety of species can be compared. In fact, it is possible to estimate when the two species diverged or branched off through speciation. The larger the percentage of differences in the DNA between two species, the greater the amount of time the two species have been separate. These molecular clocks can be used to help fill in the gaps of the fossil record. Even if there are missing links within the timeline of history on Earth, the DNA evidence can give clues as to what happened during those time periods. While random mutation events may throw off the molecular clock data at some points, it is still a pretty accurate measure of when species diverged and became new species.

Lose of Sexual Desire and Scientific Research in I am a Legend Essay

Lose of Sexual Desire and Scientific Research in I am a Legend - Essay Example He seems to lose his sexual desire after dedicating himself to scientific research and chooses his dog to be his companion. He is inclined to bear the task because he believes that it was a mistake done by humans and they have to correct it without blaming God. He says, â€Å"†¦ God did not do this. We did!† (Matheson, 2007). This paper highlights how Robert Neville appears to lose all sexual desire after dedicating himself to scientific research, which is an essential aspect that helps him discover many things regarding human beings. How Neville appears to lose his Sexual Desire After the death of both his wife and daughter, Neville the remains with his German Shepherd dog named Samantha as his companion. He does not seem to be concerned with getting a new lover but instead, he spends his time collecting food and medical supplies in Manhattan or hunting for deer. He also spends time at South Street Seaport sitting on a bench to wait for any survivors as he instructs them through his recorded AM radio broadcasts. His relationship with other people seems are based on searching for a cure for the virus and shows no interests in sexual affairs. He feels that he has to love something but what is best for him is his dog. The author says, â€Å"†¦ he had such a terrible yearning to love something again, and only the dog was such a beautiful ugly dog.† This is evident in his relation to Sam whom they go hunting together. He strictly remains in his goals of searching for a cure and does not engage in romantic discussions with her. During a fight with infected dogs, Sam is bitten and Neville tries to inject her with a strain of his serum but does not succeed in rescuing her. She starts to mutate and he struggles her to death. He is not disturbed by killing her but instead sees the dark seekers as the cause of her death. If he could not have lost his sexual desire, he could be overcome by emotions and show the love he had for her. Instead, he reac ts as if he has lost just a hunting mate and attacks the dark seekers to revenge. He does not show any sign of losing a special person but only a friend. Anna and Ethan trace him through his radio broadcasts and even after arriving he treats them normally. He does not show any strange emotions in dealing with Anna but only strives to deliver the antidote to her. Even after noticing the butterfly tattoo Anna had, and remembering the butterfly shapes his daughter Marley used to make, this does not draw him close to Anna. He is ever dreaming of saving lives. He screams, â€Å"†¦.I can help. I can save you. I can save everybody† (Matheson, 2007). Neville dedicates his life to discover an antidote, which Anna delivers to survivors in the Colony camp. He is busy scientifically experimenting samples and does not divert his attention towards sexual matters. He sacrifices his life to protect Anna and Ethan. His main desire remains to focus on discovering an antidote to rescue the humankind, and not developing any sexual relationships with the females he meets. This is one of the most important aspects of the author because Neville believes that discovery is the only tool that assists in understanding numerous issues surrounding human beings. He remains friendly to everyone as he tells a mannequin, â€Å"†¦ I promised a friend I would say hello to you today† (Matheson, 2007). As numerous things afflict the society and the individuals within the society does not understand, Neville remains the only man alive and this piece offers an insight to many people who either watched the movie or read the novel.

Formation of International contract in the ( CISG ) under actical Essay

Formation of International contract in the ( CISG ) under actical 1224,8,9,11,29 - Essay Example It may be noted that a contract essentially contains two elements: Agreement and enforceability by law. An agreement is defined as 'every promise and every set of promises forming consideration for other.' This essentially means that there should be an offer and acceptance to form an agreement. It is important that before an agreement is finalized there should be a Consensus ad idem (Consensus to the matter) between the two parties. Both the contracting parties should 'say and mean the same' without which there cannot be a contract (Bharadwaj). The other element of contract, enforceability by law, emphasizes the importance of intention to create a legal obligation or duty to perform or abstain from performing certain act(s). These acts could relate to social or legal matters. The initial efforts to develop a uniform law of international sales began in 1930 under the auspices of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT). UNIDROIT submitted two draft conventions: the Convention Relating to a Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods (ULISG or ULIS) and the Convention Relating to a Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (ULFC or ULF). ... Although both draft conventions were adopted at a 1964 Diplomatic Conference in The Hague, many states, including the United States, did not ratify them. Some of the criticisms expressed were that the provisions primarily reflected the legal traditions and economic realities of continental Western Europe (Germain). There is a distinction between a sale and an agreement to sell. This distinction between a sale and an agreement to sell can be summarized as follows: 1. A contract which contemplates transfer of title to goods to the buyer immediately is a sale while a contract which does not contemplate a transfer of title to goods immediately is an agreement to sell. 2. A contract of sale is an executed contract. It involves a contract plus a conveyance of the property. When the property is transferred, the rights and liabilities attached to the goods are also transferred. An agreement to sell, on the other hand, is an executor contract. The property in the goods does not pass until a certain time has lapsed or until a certain condition is fulfilled. 3. In an agreement to sell, the seller remains the owner of the property until it is actually transferred to the buyer at a future point of time. However, in a contract of sale, the buyer becomes the owner immediately and all the risks attached to the goods are passed on to him irrespective of the fact whether the goods are delivered to him or not and whether the price is paid or not. 4. In an agreement to sell, the seller agrees to sell the goods for a price and the buyer agrees to buy the goods for a price. In a contract of sale, the seller sells the goods to the buyer for a price. 5. The consequences of a breach of an agreement to sell is as follows: a. In case the buyer defaults, the seller may sue for

Business Policy and Strategic Management Assignment

Business Policy and Strategic Management - Assignment Example The employees are not binded by formalities and teams are cross-functional. Secondly, Southwest does not provide too much personalization in its services which keeps its cost low and also provides for standardization in services. Although high end facilities are not made available to the employees, but standard services and low cost is what makes Southwest an exceptional case amongst the airline competitors. Weaknesses Southwest suffers from certain internal management limitations which arise from leadership incompetency. Lately the organization had suffered dramatic shift in the way culture was managed by its leaders- from Herb Kelleher to Gary Kelly. Loss of relationships, affection and cultural match took place which was worsened by the externalities of increased safety demands, fuel prices and customer complaints. Recommendation Southwest has always thrived on the motto of providing services to the customers at rock bottom prices which its rivals could not. To sustain this feat, it is recommended that southwest should concentrate on its human resource development. Till date, its workforce strategies and strengthened human capital had garnered it the much needed reputation and profitability. In the future also, it needs to develop its employees by means of cross-departmental training and encouraging them to come up with greater innovation.

Leadership (Time management) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership (Time management) - Term Paper Example Honesty and integrity are the two pillars with which I bind the work of the people in my concern. Weakness However as a business leader I also possess certain weaknesses which in turn hamper the business productivity. Firstly on account of being very fast with my tasks I generally tend to commit certain mistakes which tarnish the quality of the work performed. Secondly in aspiring to work for and by the team I sometimes become much flexible which in turn reflects weakness in my administration qualities. Thirdly I sometimes tend to reflect over confidence which in turn also makes me run into mistakes. Comparison of Leadership Style with that of Team Members In this section my leadership style will be compared to the professional style of two team members based on the following approaches. Leadership Style 1 As a business leader I render priority to the parameters of business ethics and morality. However the team member in group 1 generally tends to accomplish the work in a faster mann er taking the help of unethical policies. In that these members tend to copy designs from the internet without tending to innovate such to accomplish their tasks. Thus in comparison the team members tend to drift from my leadership acumen of being truthful and sincere in servicing the stakeholders. Leadership Style2 In the second case Group 2 member generally figures me as a business leader who tends to accomplish business tasks through being quite strict in his delegation and monitoring of responsibilities. I generally feel that being tough would help to accomplish the business tasks in an effective and faster manner. However the Group 2 member feels that had I reflected the quality of empathy it would have further them in enhancing on the qualities of being more loyal and productive in their tasks towards the concern. Modes in Becoming an Effective Leader based on the Comparison The above analysis reflects that the Group 1 member needs to be preached and effectively trained to act in a sincere and truthful pattern while tending to accomplish the business tasks. However the analysis also reflected that the business leader apart from prioritizing on the tenets of ethics and morality also needs to be faster in his actions in delivering quality products. The team member in Group 2 reflects that in regards to acting as a business leader one needs to understand and appreciate the problems of the people and thereby to collaborate effectively to achieve business productivity. Leaders like me who desire to pursue the goals through being tough disturb the employer-employee relationships and thereby hinder the parameter of employee loyalty. Thus the act of being faster coupled with morality and sincerity and thereby empathizing with the employees would certainly help in building an effective leader. Pitfalls in the Leadership Team due to Differences The differences of opinion with the team member in Group 1 and Group 2 would lead to causing potential disruption in the workplace through the argument in business leadership parameters. In regards to Group 1 member the increased stress rendered to the factors of ethics and mo

Nonprofit organization pepar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nonprofit organization pepar - Essay Example There are innumerable nonprofit organizations throughout the world working for the society, environment, and governments. These nonprofit organizations produce a deep impact on the lives of many people, societies and environment through their dedication, focus and selfless service. These organizations continually set examples for other societies and cultures, which get conceptually copied or become the source of inspiration for other entities in different parts of the world. One such initiative is ‘SELCO Solar Light Pvt Ltd’ by Harish Hande, an Energy Engineer from India, in partnership with Neville Williams, the founder of Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF). SELCO Solar Light Pvt Ltd clearly has all the characteristics of a nonprofit organization as outlined by Ashcraft (2005). SELCO is headquartered in Bangalore, a southern city of India and has about 25 energy centers across two states within India. It employs about 170 employees and has sold over 115,000 solar systems in a span of 15 years. SELCO is registered as a private limited company and adheres to all business laws including employee wages, compensation etc. However, SELCO operates on exclusively designed policies, programs and services. SELCO can be contacted through its numbers available from its website, www.selco-india.com. Although SELCO is solely private in nature, it has partnered with different groups including technology, finance, carbon trading companies, community based organizations, international setups for community development, and other nonprofit organizations across India and other countries. SELCO is governed by a group of board members that are highly educate d and experienced in the field of nonprofit and rural development work (SELCO, n.d). Hande studied Masters Degree from the University of Massachusetts after acquiring an undergraduate degree in Energy Engineering from

Is China shape up to be the next nation of innovation, moving away Essay

Is China shape up to be the next nation of innovation, moving away from the reputation of world's factory - Essay Example It is not just the emerging economies that need to be innovative; the developed countries have to step-up the rate of innovation to drive faster productivity growth that will help sustain healthy economic growth rates. Innovation leads to increased productivity and prosperity of a nation which in turn means world economic growth. Innovation addresses the most pressing social and human challenges. The social and human challenges can be met through education which brings about lifestyle changes in the people. Overall, the national environment matters to attain success in innovative activity. According to a recent survey conducted by the research firm the Economic Intelligence Unit Japan has been declared as the most innovative country, ahead of the US, Switzerland and Sweden. Innovation according to this study is â€Å"the application of knowledge in a novel way, primarily for economic benefit† (Blackcoat, 2007)2. The study has also indicated that China will see great progress for innovation while the US will remain the most â€Å"suitable place for innovation†. The study further suggests that there is no substitute for good education or for policies that encourage investment in IT communication infrastructure (Finfacts, 2007)3. Businesses consider innovation as a way to beat their competitors. For the economy to prosper the governments see the need for an innovative environment. Hence, innovation, government and businesses are linked together (Valery & Kekic, 2007)4. Firms collaborate with customers to product innovative products and personalize it; process innovation becomes important to design and improvise on the existing product and enhance productivity. Talents from different economies interact with each other to strengthen the links among personalization, collaboration and innovation. This has far-reaching implications for global business and for the nation

Nonprofit organization pepar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nonprofit organization pepar - Essay Example There are innumerable nonprofit organizations throughout the world working for the society, environment, and governments. These nonprofit organizations produce a deep impact on the lives of many people, societies and environment through their dedication, focus and selfless service. These organizations continually set examples for other societies and cultures, which get conceptually copied or become the source of inspiration for other entities in different parts of the world. One such initiative is ‘SELCO Solar Light Pvt Ltd’ by Harish Hande, an Energy Engineer from India, in partnership with Neville Williams, the founder of Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF). SELCO Solar Light Pvt Ltd clearly has all the characteristics of a nonprofit organization as outlined by Ashcraft (2005). SELCO is headquartered in Bangalore, a southern city of India and has about 25 energy centers across two states within India. It employs about 170 employees and has sold over 115,000 solar systems in a span of 15 years. SELCO is registered as a private limited company and adheres to all business laws including employee wages, compensation etc. However, SELCO operates on exclusively designed policies, programs and services. SELCO can be contacted through its numbers available from its website, www.selco-india.com. Although SELCO is solely private in nature, it has partnered with different groups including technology, finance, carbon trading companies, community based organizations, international setups for community development, and other nonprofit organizations across India and other countries. SELCO is governed by a group of board members that are highly educate d and experienced in the field of nonprofit and rural development work (SELCO, n.d). Hande studied Masters Degree from the University of Massachusetts after acquiring an undergraduate degree in Energy Engineering from

Presenting Information Essay Example for Free

Presenting Information Essay As mentioned in Section 2, my leaflets are going to include some special details to make customers interested in reading them. Here I have typed up a number of stories about mooncakes (thanks to my parents and my old relatives who told me those stories when I was younger), mentioning where they came from and how they got famous in China. Hopefully this would also make foreign customers interested in trying the companys mooncakes. Here is the story: Section 5 Presenting Information Presenting Information Designing the Logo After having decided the style for my logo, I started designing my own logo with Adobe Illustrator 10. I used the softwares different paintbrush styles to draw the background of my logo, and different text layouts for displaying the name of the company. In my logo I have added a motto into my logo: where the taste of the East comes from: Survey Also, here is the list of ratings of different Chinese food that my classmates have given me: From the table above, it seems that mooncakes are the least favourite Chinese food of my classmates. They all told me that they have never tried one before. Maybe I should consider giving up mooncakes for my company, or maybe I should take a risk to introduce these delicious cakes that are very famous in an alien country. To make this decision, I went to Chinatown in London during half-term and asked for some information. I made a questionnaire for them to fill in. This questionnaire is designed for shops that sell traditional Chinese food package gifts and Chinese recipes, but the only shop I found which sold mooncakes was a small cafi called Far East Chinese Restaurant (even though it was not quite a restaurant). There I met the cafi s owner and asked him to fill in my questionnaire, and here are his replies: His answers showed that Chinese food and festivals are very popular amongst English people, and his reply for question number 3 tells me that there is no problem with introducing mooncakes in my promotional package. Promotional Packages I am using Microsoft(r) Publisher 2000 (at school) and 2002 (on my notebook) to make my leaflet, letterhead and business card. They all consist of the companys address, phone and facsimile number, website address and e-mail address, and, of course, its logo. They all have the similar layout, such as the background and the colour theme. Note that they are all using the desert colour theme provided in Publisher. I made 5 attempts on the leaflet, as it is the most important part of my project. I made many changes on the text size, font, background, layout and borders throughout those attempts. I also gave it to my guardian for proof-reading and she spotted out some minor errors (e. g. text overflowing in textboxes). Now I have come up with my final design of my leaflet. As for my business card, I made 3 designs. They differ in the word art and border. I showed them to my friends and they all chose design number 3, which they all thought was the most colourful and most attractive one, to be my final design. I made two attempts on the letterhead and the only changes I made were the background and some decoration around the header. Section 6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using IT Advantages and Disadvantages of Using IT Advantages The advantages for using I. T. are you have the ability to make any changes on your documents easily to make them look neater, such as the layout of the documents, spelling mistakes, fonts, etc, and also you can have access to the internet where it is rich of sources, e. g. images, quotes, product information, news, etc. The sources can then be easily pasted onto your documents and can also be edited to make them appropriate for your needs. When it comes to storing, your documents can be saved onto your computer instead of adding a pile of paperwork into your drawers. Disadvantages One of the big disadvantages of using I. T. is that your computer may crash while youre working and may lose your work. Also, the floppy discs that have your work in them can be easily damaged if not looked after carefully, which again can lose your work easily if you didnt backup your work. The accessibility to the network may be limited due to the time limit set by the administrator, or maybe the computer rooms are locked. The sources on the Internet are only limited to text and images instead of actual objects. Section 7 Copyright and Confidentiality Copyright and Confidentiality Copyright Copying software is a theft as they all have copyrights, which means that without the programmers permission, copying of the software is not allowed. In my project I have used software that is brought by the school and me (software on my laptop) legally, so I dont have a problem with this. This issue also applies to other sources either I. T. or non-I. T. such as images and text contents. Normally they have a ? symbol on them to show that they own a copyright for their images or text content (see picture on the left), therefore when doing this project I have to look carefully if our sources are copyrighted. Confidentiality Keeping our documents confidential can prevent them being copied or changed. This can be done by keeping the documents on a floppy disk or a compact disc and keep them with you, which will ensure that so nobody will have access to your documents. Also, you can set a password to the document so nobody can open the document without permission from you. Section 8 Error Handling and Virus Protection Error Handling and Virus Protection Virus A virus is a programme that can get into your computer data and can either destroy your files or allow someone to hack into your private data. How can we prevent them? E-mailing is the most common way to spread a virus. The hacker attaches a virus onto e-mails, disguising it as a normal document and sends them to other people, and when the people open the attached document, the virus is downloaded onto the computer and starts to interrupt the data files. To prevent this happening we have to be aware of e-mails sent from someone who you dont know, i. e. junk mail. Downloads from the Internet is also a high risk from getting viruses; therefore we must be aware with them. The school has a firewall, which prevents viruses and hackers accessing to our school networking and destroying our documents, but making a backup can prevent your documents being affected by the virus. Errors and Prevention During the course of working on my project, I encountered a storage space problem. A message box appeared when I was trying to save my work onto my personal drive on the school network. It said: There is not enough storage space in your disk. This was caused by the large graphics file in my project and they had to be deleted in order to allow me to save my work. This problem can be solved by compressing the pictures before they are pasted onto my work. Another problem that I encountered was file version compatibility. During half-term I had to use Publisher 98 on my guardians computer to work on my promotional leaflet which have been already started using Publisher 2000 on school computers, and, of course, the file had to be then saved in the format of Publisher 98 *. pub file. This degraded the layout and the quality of the pictures in the file. Later I received my own copy of Publisher 2002, and I used it to open my leaflet file, and the layouts went horribly wrong. The pictures in the leaflet, which were supposed to be wrapped round by the text in the text boxes, covered the text up instead, and no matter how many times I attempted to use different ways to put them back in place, the pictures just stayed like that (see 2nd attempt), and the only things I could do was to start a new file in the format of Publisher 2002 file. What I could have done before everything went wrong was to make a backup of the file when it was still in the format of Publisher 2000 file, and then I could have waited until my software has arrived.

Konigsberg Bridge Problem

Konigsberg Bridge Problem The earliest paper on graph theory seems to be by Leonard Euler,Solutio problematic ad situs pertinentis,Commentarii Academetarii Scientiarum Imperialist Petropolitanae 8 (1736),128-140.Euler discusses whether or not it is possible to scroll around Konigsberg(later called the Pregolya exactly once. Euler gave the conditions which are necessary to permit such a stroll. Thomas Pennyngton Kirkman (1856) and Wiliam Roman Hamilton (1856) studied trips which certain sites exactly once. History of Euler paths and cycles An Eulerian path is a path in a graph which visits each edge exactly once in the theory graph .so, in the same way, an Eulerian circuit is an Eulerian path which starts and ends on the same vertex. They were first discussing by Leohard Eular while solving the famous Seven Bridges of Konigsberg problem in 1736. Mathematically the problem can be stated like this: Given the graph on the right, is it possible to construct a path (or a cycle for example, a path starting and ending on the same vertex) which visits each edge exactly once Graphs which allow the manufacture of so called Eulerian cycles are called Eulerian graphs. Euler observed that a necessary condition for the existence of Eulerian cycles is that all vertices in the graph have an even degree, and that for an Eulerian path either all, or all but two (i.e., the two endpoint) vertices have an even degree; this means the Konigsberg graph is not Eulerian. Carl Heierholzer published the first complete characterization of Eulerian graphs in 1873, by proving that in fact the Eulerian graphs are exactly the graphs which are connected and where every vertex has an even degree. Example using euler in our daily life is using in the teaching for set theory that widely use in the schools. Another example is to visualizing file system organization.it will allows files to appear in more than one directory in a computers file system. The history of the Konigsberg Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) is considered to have been the father of graph theory. His paper in 1736 on the seven bridges of Konigsberg is considered to have been the foundational paper in the subject. Konigsberg is a town, founded in 1256, that was originally in Prussia. After a stormy history, the town became part of Soviet Union and was renames Kaliningrad in 1946. In any event, during Eulers time the town had seven bridges (named Kramer, Schmiede, Holz, Hohe, Honig, Kottel, and Grunespanning) spanning the Pregel River. Figure 8.1 gives a simplified picture of how the bridges were originally configured (two of the bridges were later destroyed during World War II, and two other demolished by the Russians. History of Hamiltonian: Hamiltonian is introduced by Sir William Rowan Hamilton at 1857. He made a game called around the world and the originally in form of solid called dodecahedron. It has 20corners/for each corner, it called as town. The problem started when the travel started from one city to another city along the edge to arrive at city by only once arrived at one city. This is how the Hamiltonian is appearing. There is example of using Hamiltonian in life such as no-complete, n-cube and traveling salesman problem. Two types of Hamiltonian are Hamiltonian path and Hamiltonian cycle Introduction Path Path is the sequences of alternating vertices and edges. Which begin from a vertex and ended with a vertex. Each vertex is preceded and followed by its endpoints. Simple path Simple path is a path such that all its vertices and edges are distinct. Below is a graph that gives differences between path and simple path. Path 1: v,b,x,h,z(simple path) Path 2 : u,c, w,f,y,g,x,e,d,v(path) Example of path is the way of bus direction from one destination to another destination. In other hand, simple path is a path that no complicated for example the direction from faculty of FTSM to faculty of FUU. Cycle Circle is a circular sequence of alternating vertices and edges. Each edges is preceded and followed by its endpoints. Simple cycle Simple cycle is a cycle such that all its vertices and edges are distinct. Cycle: u,c,w,e,x,g,f,w,d,v,a,u Simple cycle:v,b,x,g,y,f,w,c,u,a,v, Example of using cycle in life is when we travel to another place then come back to our home with using the different ways. Another example in ukm is the bus ways for example bus zone 2 will make a circle to take student and will come back to the initial location where the busy will take a rest. For simple cycle, we always see in sport, such as the court for athletes running especially in event of 400 * 100 meters. Then, we also can see in power plant program that is simple cycle power plant (pp) program. It gives much benefit such as optimized design, reduced engineering costs, short lead times, increase availability and fast startups also high operational flexibility. Connected Graph Connected graph is a graph that there exists a path between all pairs of vertices. If a graph is a directed graph, there exist a path between vertexes to each other that in the graph, is called as strongly connected graph. The examples of disconnected graphs: Example of using connected graph is use in building. For example Menara Berkembar Petronas, there is a bridge to connect the two buildings. Another example is the bridge of Pulau Pinang. First use to connect the island and peninsular Malaysia. Example of disconnected graph is other hand than connected graph. For example the building of one employee is not connected by bridge with another employee. Next, the Island of Sipadan is not connected by a bridge with Borneo land. An Euler path in a graph is a path which traverses each edge of the graph exactly once. An Euler cycle is an Euler path which is contains cycle. If there are no loop graphs, without isolated vertices, the continuation of an Euler path implies the connected of the graph, since traversing every edge of such a graph requires visiting each vertex at least once. But, when the connected graph has an Euler path, one can be constructed by applying Fleurys algorithm. A connected graph has an Euler path if it has exactly zero or two vertices of odd degree. If every vertex has even degree, the graph has an Euler cycle. The definition and properties of Euler paths, cycles and graphs are valid for multigraph as well. The seven bridge of Konigsberg In Konigsberg, Germany, a river ran through the city such that in its centre was an island, and after passing the island, the river broke into two parts. Seven bridges were built, so that the people of the city could get from one part to another part. A crude map of the centre of Konigsberg might look like this: The people wondered whether or not, one could walk around the city in a way that would involve crossing each bridge exactly once. Degree of vertex Term of degree of vertex in graph theory is the number of edges which connected to a vertex. Degree of vertex also known as local degree. The list of all degree of vertex is called as degree sequences. One way to find the number of vertex is count the number of degree for each vertex that endpoint. An easy way is draw a circle around the vertex and count the number of edges that cross the circle. The degree of vertex can be add or even. if the degree of vertex is even, it is known as degree vertex and the other hand, if the degree of vertex is odd, the vertex is called an odd vertex. To find out the degree of graph is by choose the largest degree of vertex. Example graph with have odd and even vertex: Example degree of vertex is application of roundabout because there are many roads that connected. Either the value is odd or even. The road can be representing as edges and the roundabout as the vertex. Another example is the number of use degree of vertex in electrical pole such as the number of wire connected to the one pole. Hamiltonian path: Hamiltonian path is also called as traceable path. Hamiltonian path is a path that visits each vertex exactly one and not repeated for each vertex in a graph. Hamiltonian graph us use to solve a problem when find a path that only visited each vertex only one in a graph. Hamiltonian cycle: Hamiltonian cycle is a cycle that goes through the entire city (vertex) only once for a graph. It cannot be repeated to reach a city for a one cycle except the starting and the ended city. Results of research and real world examples Graphs can be used to represent oil flow in pipes, traffic flow on motorways, transport of pollution by rivers, groundwater movement of contamination, biochemical pathways, and the underground network. The example of Euler path: There are many useful applications to Euler circuits and paths. Networks can be used to solve many difficult problems, like the Konigsberg Bridge problem. The can also used by mail carrier who wants to have a route where they do not retrace any of their previous steps. Other than that, Euler circuits and paths are also useful to painters, garbage collector, airplanes pilots and world navigators. Below are the examples of how Euler circuit and paths are useful in the real world. The maps that pilots use are called route maps. The route maps show the paths of the airplanes from one destination to another. Here is an example of actual route map. The centre for all travel with this airline is in Denver, Colorado. From there, we can travel to some of the major cities in the surrounding states. The Navigation below is a trip to see all different regions of the world. The above regions of the world have all been given different colors. Each region also has been given marked with a node or vertex and some (but not all) of the regions are connected with arcs. Conclusions and recommendations As the conclusion towards this particular project, the study of graphs and their properties is a classical subject in most computer science department around the world. Graph Theory can be further exploited by object-oriented software engineering, taking advantage of recent research in various fields. Other than that, Graph theory is one of the top reasons to learn linear Algebra. So, all graphs (included directed, weighted, and multi-graphs) can be represented intuitive by adjency matrices, and matrix operations often end up being meaningful in terms of graph they represent. Seeing the connection between a graph and its matrix helps to understand both of them, and being able to switch back and forth between mental models is often useful. For example, a person in many fields of modeling, are mostly easily thought of the weight graphs, and are most easily manipulated as matrices. By learning the entire graph, the student can get many benefits by it especially the computer science student. So, our recommendation towards this topic in order to make the student easy to learn and improve themselves are for example, ask the student to make a lot of exercise. Other than that, ask them to make an assignment about this topic. So that the student can search many information based on this topic and become more familiar and understand about graph theory

General Omar Bradley :: Essays Papers

General Omar Bradley General Omar Nelson Bradley was the first member of his 1915 West Point class to receive a star. Gen. George C. Marshall played a key role in his rapid advance, and he served one year as an assistant in the War Department under Marshall. Promoting him from lieutenant colonel to brigadier general in 1940, Marshall made Bradley head of the Infantry School, gave him a second star in 1941, and after that appointed him commanding general of the 82nd and 28th divisions. Impressed by Bradley's success as a planner, Marshall sent him to North Africa early in 1943 to be Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's "eyes and ears." Soon Bradley commanded the U.S. Second Corps in Tunisia. As a corps commander under Gen. George Patton's 5th Army, Bradley played a key role in the conquest of Sicily in the summer of 1943. Early in preparations for the 1944 invasion of Normandy, Marshall selected Bradley to command the 1st Army, which he later directed in the D-Day landings and Normandy campaign. When Patton was sent with the 3rd Army to assist in the breakout from France several weeks later, Bradley became the 12th Army Group commander, with Gen. Courtney Hodges's 1st and Patton's 3rd armies under his command. He led this force in a rapid movement across northern France and Belgium to the German frontier. Slowed by rugged terrain and supply shortages, Bradley's forces were hard hit in the Ardennes area in mid-December. When the German advance made it necessary for him to hand over command of the American forces north of the German penetration to British field marshal Bernard Montgomery, Bradley used Patton's troops to restore his lines in the south. His reinforced force in February pushed the Germans back across the Roer and led to a seizure of a bridge across the Rhine in early March. In April Bradle y's Army Group, now consisting of the 1st, 3rd, 9th, and 15th armies, led a massive drive through central Germany to the Elbe, to link up with the Russians at Torgau on April 25th before pushing into Czechoslovakia at the end of the war. When General Eisenhower retired from his job as chief of staff in 1948, Bradley assumed the position until he became the first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a position made necessary by the recent unification of the armed forces. Soon involved in supporting military operations in Korea, Bradley was caught up first with getting additional forces to MacArthur and then in the controversy between the Far East commander and Washington over policy.

XML: Extensible Markup Language Essay -- Essays Papers

XML: Extensible Markup Language The World Wide Web is in the process of undergoing a radical change that allows new services and opportunities to businesses and individuals. HTML - the HyperText Markup Language - is a language that is predominately used to generate most of the web sites available today. Now, however, Extensible Markup Language is in the process of replacing HyperText Markup Language as the most favored format. Extensible Markup Language will allow the use and functionality of the web to continue to expand. Extensible Markup Language is based on Standard Generalized Markup Language. First, what is Standard Generalized Markup Language? Both HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and XML (Extensible Markup Language) are based on SGML - Standard Generalized Markup Language. Standard Generalized Markup Language has been an international standard since 1986 (ISO 8879). It is a meta-language, which simply means that it can be used to create other languages. Standard Generalized Markup Language is a descendent from earlier markup languages first developed at IBM as early as 1969. The oldest direct ancestor is GML, which both stands for General Markup Language and contains the initials of the IBM researchers who created it: Charles F. Goldfarb, Edward Mosher, and Raymond Lorie. Standard Generalized Markup Language is a far more extensive markup language than Extensible Markup Language or HyperText Markup Language, and to this day remains as the ultimate language in the field. The ultimate goal and success of Standard Generalized Markup Language is that it conquered the computer-age old problem of being able to communicate across different computer platforms. It allows computers to share and communicate data regardless of the computer’s hardware, operating system, or software applications being used. Applications such as AdobeïÆ'’ FramemakerïÆ'’ use it for desktop publishing. But, in general, Standard Generalized Markup Language is considered much too complex for widespread e-business and other similar applications. A need for a new language to handle the new demands of the e-business world became clear. The designers of Extensible Markup Language were looking to generate a markup language that would allow the functionality of Standard Generaliz ed Markup Language without the complexity. By strategically omitting large chunks of St... ...p Language. The difference in quality will be enormous. It is also estimated that beyond the web, Extensible Markup Language will be felt along the lines of standardization of data interchange formats. In other words, in the effort to standardize data names in like areas of business, the same standardization could be used worldwide for applications outside of Extensible Markup Language’s spectrum. Extensible Markup Language could improve efficiency in all respects of data exchange. With companies like Microsoft, IBM, Dow Chemical Co., DuPont, BASF, and a plethora of others working together to develop standards, the future of Extensible Markup Language and data interchange is bright! Bibliography Goldfarb, Charles F. â€Å"XML in an Instant: A Non-geeky Introduction.† Oasis. October 1999. Gonsalves, Antone. â€Å"XML Translation Wares Are On The Way.† eWEEK. January 2000. Halfhill, Tom. â€Å"XML: The Next Big Thing.† IBM Research Magazine. October 2000. Rohan, Rebecca. â€Å"New Wild Life In The XML Menagerie.† Sm@rt Partner. February 2000. Schindler, Esther. â€Å"Exposing XML Myths.† Sm@rt Partner. May 2000. Walsh, Jeff. â€Å"XML: Not Just for the Web Anymore.† InfoWorld. June 1998.

Ethical Awareness Essay

Ethics could be defined as the moral philosophy, which tackles the concepts of right and wrong. In the field of philosophy, ethics is concerned in the defending and recommending of one’s behavior. Meanwhile, in the case of organizations, ethics enables an organization member to come up with sound and mature decisions. Ethical awareness, meanwhile, is a vital factor in the success and the relation of members within the organization—or the society as a whole. On the other hand, ethical awareness inventory refers â€Å"to a series of broad characterizations representing four prominent categories of ethical philosophy. † This practically helps in the analysis of an individual’s perspective on ethics, according to the answers given to the set of questions that need to be answered. The Combined Score would most likely reflect the individual’s perspective on ethics in general. The results that my test gained showed obligation is the greatest consideration I think of when talking about ethics. It mainly involves, perhaps, my preference of those individuals who value responsibilities with emphasis on taking actions based on ethical principles. In dealing with other people, for instance, Obligation is the main factor I look into for an action or individual to be considered ethical. It means that if a person duly respond to his/her duties and responsibilities which, of course, for the greatest good, it means being ethical for me. Meanwhile, the least consideration I have, based on the results in Equity. It means that I do not consider â€Å"equality† as synonymous to being ethical. Perhaps, it is because Equality is not just easy to achieve since â€Å"some are more equal than others†, as a popular author puts it. In a society where stratification is very much evident, equality can never be a main factor for me for an individual or action to be considered ethical. The results are mainly affected of the brand of education experience I had through the years. The utilization of alternative learning strategies for ethical awareness have helped me develop or think of plans that would incorporate ethics into other aspects of the organization. Emphasis could be given to â€Å"active-learning† approaches. The challenge in using â€Å"active-learning† for the facilitator is to cope with the susceptibility of each individual to ignore the importance of doing such. The active kind of learning is mainly comprised of five steps: †¢ Discovery of the predicament or problem within the organization; †¢ Identification of the possible tools and resources that would help in finding solutions for the problems; †¢ Examination or scrutiny of the alternative strategies that could be helpful in solving the problems; †¢ Implementation of the specific solution that was chosen; †¢ Reflection on the solution that was implemented, assessment of the consequences of the solution or the outcome. The issue on ethical awareness is usually taken for granted by some individual. In reality, ethical awareness is one of the greatest and most crucial factors that would determine the success or downfall of a society. Ethical awareness means fulfilling one’s duties and obligations in order to contribute to the general growth of the society Collective effort is much needed for the development of a society, and without ethical awareness inferred from the individual within, there could never be an assurance that a society would develop. Aside from the benefits of ethics awareness in the sum of the society, it would also benefit each individual as it would provide them maturity, self-disclosure, and self-realization, among others.

Integrated Life Science Study Guide

Integrated Life Science Study Guide Test #1/Chapters 1,3,4,19 1. The scientific method- A continuous process use to collect observationsk form amd test hypotheses, make predictions, and identify patterns in the physical world. pg 4 2. Biodiversity- the number of different species that coexist at a given place pg. 8 3. Dimitri Mendelev- Russian Chemist; created the Period Table of the Elements; 1st 1800s to arrange elements in such a way that the showed something about it properties. Elements made of atoms-Iron, Helium, Hydrogen pg. 10 4. Creationism or creation science is the belief of the Judeo-Christians (Bible); Genesis; 2000+ yrs. The Earth is between 5-7000 yrs old. It’s the belief that it was created in 7 days. Science of Creation (most scientists believe) believes the universe is approx. 15 Billion yrs old. Earth-is about 4. 5 billio9n yrs old. No beginning and no end to this universe. 5. Stem cells- embryonic cells that can become any cell in a living organism. Source; ambilical cord Adult stem cell-restricting-almost useless to work with; medical science impeded by someones belief system 6. Work- force exerted over a distance Power- work divided by time; how fast you do work.. Power =work/time Energy= the ability to do work; we get energy from food; converts to calorie-> glucose; cell->work; plants also use glucose to live 2 types of energy- Kinetic-energy of motion Potential- stored (fat) Force-a push or pull from kinectic energy; gravity energy-> glucose 7. Trophic levels a. Omnivores-eat both plants and animals b. Carnivores-eat meat.. ex. Lions, tigers, c. Herbivores-eat plants, ex. Cows, horses d. Plants- glucose e. Decomposers-bacteria; worms, fungi, provide food to make soil rich 8. First Law of Thermodynamics- 1st law about energy f. All energy in the universe stays the same; it only changes form i. Glucose â€Å"sugar†-> energy cells-> carbon dioxide; ammonia 9. Calories-unit of energy measurement in food 1C=1000c Calorie-heat our body produces; energy inside the cell Calorimeter-measures calories in food 10. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics- g. Heat always flows cold ii. No such thing as cold- cold is the absence of heat h. No such thing as â€Å"Heat Engine† i. Overtime entropy increases iii. Entropy-a measure of disorder; a way we can measure how miixed up something is. 1. Types of animal insulation- fur, feathers, fat, blubber, skin, shells, scales, and blood 12. Entropy-a measure of disorder; a way we can measure how miixed up something is. 13. The science of Aging and DNA j. Lifestyle k. Dna l. Genetics m. Biological clock is about 110 yrs old Chemicals that age you are alcohol, tobacco, recreational drugs 14. Ecosystem- a system that includes bot h living and non-living things in a particular area (people) n. Non-living- chemicals; food o. Living-cells 15. Homeostasis- health, dna, good health, balance 16. Acid rain- nitrogen, sulfur, ad carbon; coal + oil fired; electricity; generating plants; polluntants mix with rain; forms sulphuric acid; nitric acid; and carbonic acid- kills plants & trees; destroys auto paint, etc. 17. Photovoltaic cells- a device that converts sunlight (photons) into direct electric current Short Answer 1. Global Warming a. CONS-temperature increasing; flooding; sea level rising; quit burning fossil fuels b. PROS- 2. temp increasing during growing season which is what’s necessary 3. Ozone layer is 20 miles or more up. It protects us from UVA and UVB rays. It’s getting thinner because of pollutants Smog is a layer created from automobiles and factories- near the earth-harmful 4. Landfills are considered â€Å"biological recyclers† because 5. The 6 characteristics shared by all ecosystems are pg. 391 c. Every ecosystem consists of both living and nonliving parts d. Energy flows through ecosystems e. Matter is recycled by Ecosystems f. Every organism occupies an Ecological Niche g. Stable Ecosystems achieve a balance among their populations h. Ecosystems are not permanent, but change over time 6. Four dimensions as described in the Second Law of Themodynamics pg. 88 i. East or west j. North or south k. Up or down l. Time 7. Creationists believe that evolution does violate this law because life is highly ordered, it could not have arisen spontaneously without violating the 2nd law. Scientists disagree and believe that all you need to make the evolution of life consistent with the 2nd law is that the order observed in living things must be offset by a greater amount of disorder in the sun. pg. 88 8. 3 ways that heat is transferred is through conduction, convection, and radiation. Example of: pg. 6 Conduction- Convection-air rising above a radiator or toaster; motion of the Earth’s Radiation-a fire or electric heater 9. Celery makes you lose more calories than you gain because it goes back to the principal that if we take in less energy than we expend, energy must be removed from storage to meet the defecit and the amt of body fat decreases. 10. Our food in the USA is che aper and much richer than most other countries. We tend to eat in larger portions than we should. Biologically, we clone our foods and inject them with hormones and chemicals to keep the supply steady and to keep costs low. 1. 5 Questions to ask when confronted with other kinds of psuedosciences are: pg. 12 m. Are the â€Å"facts† true as stated? n. Is there an alternative explanation? o. Is the claim falsifiable? p. Have the claims been rigorously tested? q. Do the claims require unreasonable changes in accepted ideas? 12. Peer review is a system by which the editor of a scientific journal submits manuscripts considered for publication to a panel of knowledgeable scientis wh, in conidence, evaluate the manuscript for mistakes, misstatements, or shoddy procedures. Following the review, if the manuscript is to be published, it is returned to the author with a list of modiciations and corrections to be completed. pg. a34 13. Arrow of Time is The uniform and unique direction associated with the apparent inevitable flow of time into the future. Pg 88 14. The 3 major polluntants that make up urban pollution are nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, and hydrocarbons. Pg. 399

Income inequality Essay

It is the report which is talking about income inequality. It is global income inequality is increasing. Besides that that’s is more information about measurement for the income inequality The relationship between the income inequality and economic growth Technological change and globalisation partly on income inequality, Way to reduce the income inequality, Causes of income inequality, and High income inequality gap-Latin America. Mostly it is all about the income inequality in this assignment is telling about the income inequality. Income inequality Income inequality is about the measurement of people’s household or individual based on their income across the various participants in an economy. It is also known as the gap between the rich and poor, wealth and poverty, the different of income between populations or individual (Ram, R. (1988)). Measurement To measure the income inequality have to use the Gini coefficient which developed by Italian statistician in 1912. The Gini coefficient is measuring the income inequality based on the value of a frequency distribution (for example levels of income). The value of the Gini coefficient is between the range 0 to 1. Therefore, 0 that means â€Å"perfect equality ’’ which every person is getting the same income and 1 that means â€Å"perfect inequality’’ which is all income change to the share of the population with the highest income. The Gini coefficient is also to be used for to measure wealth inequality. This use of Gini coefficient requires that no one has a negative net wealth. Besides that, the Gini index often used which is the Gini coefficient expressed as a percentage, but it is equal to the Gini coefficient multiplied by 100. (Most of the time people are using the Gini index for calculating the income inequality. ) Graph1(source:http://people. stfx. ca) The graph above shows that the Gini coefficient is equal to the area which is shaded to the yellow colour. The relationship between the income inequality and economic growth Graph 2(source : author’s calculation) The graph above is showing the relationship between the income inequality and economic growth. Besides that, the graph above is showing the improvement in the Gini of 0. 01 costs 1. 6 per cent per year in per capita economic growth which mean economic growth improves may affect the income inequality. The relationships between the income inequality and economic growth have a very strong gap sometimes. That means change of economic growth would affect the income inequality. Therefore, the economic growth will reduce the income inequality when the salary of the lowest paid rise faster than the average wage. Besides that, the economic growth can increase the job opportunity for people to reduce the level of unemployment in the social. Economic growth often creates the job opportunity for those people who are high skilled and educated. After job opportunity increased can make the level of poverty decreased and reduce the income inequality. Enhancing the growth of economic may raise the income inequality such as increasing the flexibility of wage determination. The growth of economic is showing the extension for flexibility of wage determination. To increase the wage of employee may reduce the income inequality but it also made the labour cost increased for the employer. Increasing the wage agreement to firms may make some employers have to pay the highly salary of employee. This action may increase the unemployment and affected productivity of the company decreasing because labour cost too high makes the employer hard to endure (Murtin et al. , 2012). graph 3 The graph above is showing the global income inequality is increasing from the year 1820 to the year 2008. The Gini coefficient is increasing that mean income inequality is increasing at the same time. But, sometime the economic growth may not reduce the income inequality. It is because the Economic Growth will not necessarily solve unemployment. For example, growth cannot solve structural and frictional unemployment it is because unemployment (structural and frictional) which caused by lack of skills and geographical immobility. Technological change and globalisation partly on income inequality The current technology with globalisation might rise in the market equipment and create the boosting top incomes. (Rosen, 1981; Gordon and Dew-Becker, 2008). These days, the the change of technology is affecting too fast, however it can also influence the income inequality. It is due to inclined the job opportunity for people who high skilled, but also increasing the unemployment. For instance, those who have not high-skilled workers might drop their work due to the same repetitive happens that may be running on the technologies, technological for achieving the target. Thus the desires for those workers can decline due to the change of technological. Likewise, to estimate for both highly-skilled and low-skilled workers need to focus respective work even the technology change, both of them might difficult to replace by machines or lose their job. If the demand shift is not offset by the equal shift related to the labour supply, change in technology can lead to reduction in salary. (e. g. Autor et al. , 2006, Goos et al. , 2009). At the same time, the globalisation may also increase the income inequality. 1) The offshoring (change the national). It is talking about people from richer countries move to poorer countries or poorer country move to richer country. The offshoring happen because skill intensive in their country. For example, some people from the perspective of the skill-poor country may move to rich country for searching the job opportunity. For the conclusion, offshoring makes labour demand more skill intensive in both poorer and richer countries, thus it is increasing the income inequality in both groups of countries (Feenstra and Hanson, 1996). 2) Sometime, the firms are making a different in their profitability which can make the low-income workers work in satisfaction and create low-productivity firms. That would make the firm lose their competitor compare to the other company. At the same time, it may increase labour income inequality by lowering or reducing the employment (e. g. Egger and Kreickemeier,2009; Helpman et al. , 2010). Improvement of the Globalisation and technological change may further raise the income inequality. Besides that, technology may go to the globalisation but it is also increasing the competition between companies to the company in the world, that mean globalisation for technology may force firms to Innovate. Therefore, the Innovation is increasing the labour income inequality both temporarily – since R&D is skill intensive (Dinopoulos and Segerstrom, 1999; Neary, 2003) and it provided the R&D results in skill-biased on technological change as discussed above (Acemoglu, 2002). Caused of income inequality -Different religion, region, language and gender In Indian have many different of culture, race, religion and language. This situation is making the Indian citizen get a different education or maybe some of don’t even have the opportunity to study. It is because different of culture, race, religion language and sex in Indian might made some of them didn’t get the chance to study or educated. At the same, this kind of diversity is making a trouble to access to education and chance of employment might decrease also at the same time. This is calling the kind of discrimination. The different is making the people in suffer from significant of inequality in employment, education and income. This kind of situation is increasing because different family background might made the living standard become harder and difficult, caused the income increasing in India (Desai & Kulkarni, 2008). -Technology The technology is improving all the time, but it also is decreasing the opportunity of job for people who are unskilled and limited educated. The company have to increase productivity to satisfy the demand from market. A lot of companies are investing to the technology to increase their productivity and growth in their business. Therefore, the number of automatic machine increasing is decreasing the job for those people who are working in manual, handy, limited educated and unskilled. In the same time, the service job could increasing because the technology improvement and factory job such as manual and handy is reducing. The service increased but it is just a low pay job. Technology is increasing the income inequality and it is replaced many worker in factory in U. S (WSJ, Technology, Not Globalization,Feeds Income Inequality, July 24, 2008). -Education The raising of education level is the most efficient way to reduce the income inequality. It is because the education has the great relation to the income distribution. The investment in education can made the income inequality decreased and lowers the level of poverty. People who is educated can get a higher opportunity to get a job compared to those are limited educated. It is important to send the child to the school and educated for increasing their intelligence and knowledge for achieving their ambition. In Brazil have a high inequality of income because average of citizen of Brazil attends fewer year to school compared to other. Number of Brazilian is increasing compared to the other country compared to the Latin America (Carlos Aguiar de Medeiros of International Development Economics Associates, 2001) -Price Stability The price stability is also known as inflation problem. In Brazil, inflation happens is making the poor getting poorer but the rich getting richer. It is because when facing the inflation problem or price instability, the company (rich) is following the same contract of wage or income to pay the salary to their employee (poor). Therefore, the poor have to reduce their living standard with their unchanged pay or real lower wages. At the same time, the investor (rich) can move their financial to other country for more opportunity to protect their money during the inflation. But, the poorer citizens have to work in a harder situation so it is difficult for them to escape poverty. (Carlos Aguiar de Medeiros of International Development Economics Associates, 2001) -Impact of Social Benefits In China, government have to provide a lot of benefit to their citizen. For example of social benefit, it is more like social insurance income or pension benefit. Caused of population increased and economic reforms need a greater financial to stimulate the economic growth. Therefore, have to reduce the social benefit such as pension benefit. It is big impact those are affected and increasing the income inequality. At the same time, not only the pension benefits government of China have to reduce the other social benefits such house benefit, health benefits, food assistance and other when have to improve the economic growth but increase income inequality (Gao 2006). http://www. networkideas. org/ideasact/jun07/beijing_conference_07/carl_riskin. pdf Way to reduce income inequality -Immigration Immigration policy would make United States reduce the income inequality. To let in more immigrants who is highly educated and skill will making more job to the America workers. More immigrants don’t mean reduce the opportunity of job to the America workers because it is creating more jobs to those people who are limited educated and limited skill at the same time. While immigrants are highly educated came to America such as: doctor, engineers, lawyer, entrepreneurs and other may increasing the job opportunity to the citizen of America who is limited educated. The job for United State people could increase caused by the immigrants system. Therefore, reducing the number of workers (immigrants) who is limited education might reducing the income inequality to the America because created more opportunity for those people who is limited education and unskilled. (Enrico Moretti is the Michael Peevey and Donald Vial Chair in Labor Economics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of â€Å"The New Geography of Jobs† (2012). ) -Education In the France that strategy been used make sure every citizen in the country might get the chance to study or educated. It is the one of way to reduce the income inequality which has to be start on education. The education is very important because it can the people in the country to improve their living standards; reduce the income inequality at the same time. New analysis is showing that an increasing for the job opportunity for people with education is associated which is making a decline in labour Earnings inequality in France (Fournier and Koske, 2012). An education is giving to every citizen for get a higher chance to get the job opportunity might reduce the income inequality. -Protecting Our Poor, Elderly and Women to Reduce Income Inequality In Singapore is making the new job for those women, elder worker, and poor people to find and obtain a new job. It is helping them to avoid poverty but have to reduce their salary in their new job. This kind of policy is enabling those workers such as migrants, women, and elder worker to get an income and escape poverty. In the labour market, giving the new job for those people might increase the productivity in Singapore and reduces the income inequality at the same time. But a new job in low pay is providing for that unemployment or can’t find the job; women have been terminated in their job because of pregnancy, and unconscionably obtuse of the elder employee. Have to pay in low wage because their productivity in work also reducing but it still can helped them to continue their live or living (SINGAPORE POPULATION WHITE PAPER, 2013) -Heavy-industry-oriented development strategy In China is starting the strategy of heavy-industry-oriented development to increase the speed of pace of industrialization. To focus of heavy-industry-oriented development strategy, China is increasing the amount of resource from the agriculture. At the same time, it is increasing the opportunity of job. It is because it is some kind of investment to increase the productivity of China by heavy-industry-oriented development which is providing by China government. To run the strategy, the government of China is moving the industry to the less developed rural regions for increasing the job opportunity for those people over there and reducing the income inequality. To reduce the region income inequality, the strategy of heavy-industry-oriented development might carry on rural region to increase their job opportunity. To increasing the growth of economic in China, have to increase the job opportunity for those are employment and increasing the productivity in China. This may decrease the income inequality gap in China (Yang 2002). Conclusion The information above is showing the income inequality is increasing in the world. The income inequality is making people become poorer for those are poor and make the people become richer for those are rich. Therefore it is the economic issue including the outcome, earning and economic growth. It is why income inequality is the one of target or problem for macroeconomic to solve. Reference -Ram, R. (1988) http://www. collinsdictionary. com/dictionary/english/income-inequality -Graph1 http://people. stfx. ca -Graph 2 (source : author’s calculation) -Murtin et al. , 2012 http://www. oecd. org/eco/labour/49421421. pdf